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Claritin vs Xyzal
Introduction
For patients dealing with seasonal allergies or chronic urticaria (hives), certain antihistamines that inhibit the body's production of histamines, a compound involved in local immune responses, can help in relieving allergy symptoms and discomfort. Claritin and Xyzal are two such drugs that are commonly prescribed for these conditions. They each block different histamines in the body, but both have effective antihistamine properties in patients with allergies or hives. Claritin, also known as loratadine, is a second-generation antihistamine that primarily targets H1 histamine receptors, reducing symptoms such as sneezing and runny nose. Xyzal, on the other hand, is the brand name for levocetirizine, which is also a second-generation antihistamine and primarily affects the same H1 histamine receptors, but is often seen as a more potent option.
Claritin vs Xyzal Side By Side
| Attribute | Claritin | Xyzal |
|---|---|---|
| Brand Name | Claritin | Xyzal |
| Contraindications | Should not be taken with or shortly after using monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. | Should not be taken with or shortly after using monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. |
| Cost | Brand name: around $35 for 70 tablets (10 mg), $0.50/day. Generic: starts from as low as $0.05/day to $0.15/day. | Brand name: around $20 for 35 tablets (5 mg), $0.57/day. Generic: around $1 - $2 per day. |
| Generic Name | Loratadine | Levocetirizine |
| Most Serious Side Effect | Signs of an allergic reaction such as hives, difficulty breathing, swelling in your face or throat; confusion state or hallucinations; uncontrolled muscle movements; severe skin reaction. | Signs of an allergic reaction or severe skin reaction; changes in mood or behavior; vision changes; heart irregularities. |
| Severe Drug Interactions | MAO inhibitors. | MAO inhibitors. |
| Typical Dose | Adults and children 6 years and older: 10 mg/day. Children 2-5 years: 5 mg/day. | Adults and children 6 years and older: 5 mg/day. Children 2-5 years: 2.5 mg/day. |
What is Claritin?
Loratadine (the generic name for Claritin) was one of the first non-drowsy antihistamines, which marked a significant advancement from the first class of antihistamines that often caused drowsiness. Loratadine was first approved by the FDA in 1993. Claritin works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms. It is prescribed for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergies such as sneezing, runny nose, and itching of the nose or throat. Claritin has a selective influence on peripheral histamine receptors with only minor influence on central nervous system histamine receptors, which results in it having fewer side effects, like drowsiness, than other antihistamines that have stronger effects on these central nervous system receptors. On the other hand, Levocetirizine (the generic name for Xyzal) is a third-generation non-sedative antihistamine, introduced in the 2000s and also approved by the FDA, that inhibits histamine effectively and has a longer half-life, allowing once-daily dosing. It's also used in the relief of allergy symptoms, with a lower tendency to cause drowsiness compared to older antihistamines.
What conditions is Claritin approved to treat?
Claritin and Xyzal are both approved for the treatment of various allergy-related conditions:
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- Perennial allergic rhinitis (year-round allergies)
- Chronic urticaria (persistent hives)
How does Claritin help with these illnesses?
Claritin works to manage allergies by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that is released during an allergic reaction. It does this by acting as an inverse agonist at the histamine H1 receptor, so histamine's effects can be limited for longer periods. Histamine is a compound that is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut, acting as a neurotransmitter. It plays a crucial role in the immune response, dilation of blood vessels, and contraction of smooth muscle. With allergies, an overproduction of histamine can lead to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and increased mucus production. Therefore, by blocking histamine, Claritin can limit the negative effects of allergies and help patients manage their symptoms and stabilize their condition.
What is Xyzal?
Xyzal, a brand name for levocetirizine, is an antihistamine used to relieve allergy symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itching eyes/nose and sneezing. It works by blocking a certain natural substance called histamine that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Levocetirizine does not prevent hives or prevent/treat a serious allergic reaction. Xyzal was first approved by the FDA in 2007. As levocetirizine is not an anticholinergic agent it doesn't cause dry mouth or urinary retention problems like other antihistamines can do which use this mechanism of action (such as Claritin). This lack of action on acetylcholine means its side-effect profile differs from those drugs; it tends not to cause sedation or cognitive impairment (common side effects with older generation antihistamines). The effects on histamine make it beneficial for treating allergies and urticaria where the 'typical' over-the-counter medicines such as Claritin may be less effective.
What conditions is Xyzal approved to treat?
Xyzal is approved for the management of:
- Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR)
- Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR)
- Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU, also known as chronic spontaneous urticaria)
These conditions are typically characterized by symptoms such as a runny nose, sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat. Xyzal can help alleviate these symptoms and make you more comfortable during allergy season or during flare-ups of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
How does Xyzal help with these illnesses?
Levocetirizine, the active ingredient in Xyzal, is an antihistamine that works by binding to histamine receptors and blocking their action, which reduces allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching and runny nose. In addition to its role in immune responses, histamine also plays a part in wakefulness and attention. By selectively targeting peripheral H1 receptors rather than those in the brain, Xyzal minimizes drowsiness – a common side effect of many antihistamines. This makes it a favorable option compared to some other medications like Claritin for people who need relief from allergies without feeling tired or impaired during their day-to-day activities. Furthermore, Xyzal may be more effective at reducing nasal congestion than Claritin due to its additional anti-inflammatory properties.
How effective are both Claritin and Xyzal?
Both loratadine (Claritin) and levocetirizine (Xyzal) are well-established antihistamines in treating patients with allergies, receiving FDA approval only 13 years apart. As they act on the same histamine receptors but have different modes of action, they may be prescribed under varying conditions. A direct comparison study in 2001 showed both drugs had similar efficacy in managing symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, demonstrating comparable safety profiles as well.
A systematic review conducted in 2014 suggested that loratadine starts relieving allergy symptoms from the first dose and its side effect profile has been found to be favorable over many other antihistamines; it is even well-tolerated by elderly populations and children above two years old. The once-daily dosing makes this medication convenient for patients suffering from chronic allergies. It has become one of the most widely used non-sedating antihistamines around the globe.
Levocetirizine was studied extensively against a placebo and other common antihistamines through multiple clinical trials since its introduction into the market in 2001. Though considered second-line treatment after failure or intolerance to first-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), levocetirizine's effectiveness stands out due to its potency and rapid onset of action alongside a good safety profile. While it is commonly utilized as monotherapy for allergic reactions, data supporting its use with decongestants or corticosteroids for severe cases continues to grow stronger over time.
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At what dose is Claritin typically prescribed?
Oral dosages of Claritin and Xyzal for adults and children 6 years of age and older are typically 10 mg/day. This dose is generally effective in treating symptoms associated with allergies such as sneezing, runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat. For children aged between 2 -5 years old, a reduced dosage of 5 mg/day may be used. Dosage can be adjusted based on response to treatment but should not exceed the recommended daily dose. Similarly to Prozac and Wellbutrin, always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to medication regimens.
At what dose is Xyzal typically prescribed?
Xyzal treatment typically begins with a dosage of 5 mg/day for adults and children aged six years and older. This can be taken as one tablet once daily in the evening. For children between the ages of two to five years, a lower dose is recommended which is typically 2.5 mg (half a tablet) once daily in the evening. In some cases, depending on response to treatment after an initial period, your healthcare provider may adjust the dosage accordingly but it should not exceed the maximum limit of 5 mg per day. As Xyzal has been known to cause drowsiness, it's important that you do not undertake tasks requiring mental alertness such as driving or operating heavy machinery without knowing how this medication affects you.
What are the most common side effects for Claritin?
Common side effects of Claritin and Xyzal may include:
- Headache
- Dry mouth or throat
- Fatigue, sleepiness/drowsiness
- Stomach discomfort
- Diarrhea
- Nervousness or restlessness in children
- Skin rash (uncommon)
Xyzal is also known to cause sinusitis, while both drugs have the potential to cause insomnia. Always consult a healthcare professional if you experience any unusual symptoms while taking these medications. Remember that everyone's body reacts differently to medication, so experiences can vary.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Claritin?
In rare cases, both Claritin (loratadine) and Xyzal (levocetirizine) can cause serious side effects. Some of these include:
- Signs of an allergic reaction such as hives, difficulty breathing, swelling in your face or throat
- Dizziness or trouble staying awake
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
- Problems with vision including blurred vision or eye pain
- Delayed urination and inability to pass urine
Rarely, if the drug affects you severely it may result in:
- Confusion state or hallucinations
- Uncontrolled muscle movements that may appear like tremors
- Vomiting
Very rarely these medications can also cause a severe skin reaction that is life-threatening. Symptoms may include:
- Skin rash
- Fever
- Swollen glands
If you experience any of the above symptoms while on either Claritin (loratadine) or Xyzal (levocetirizine), seek emergency medical help immediately.
What are the most common side effects for Xyzal?
Potential side effects of Xyzal, an antihistamine used to relieve allergy symptoms, might include:
- Drowsiness or fatigue
- Dry mouth
- Sinus pain or sore throat
- Cough
- Nosebleed
- Headache, dizziness
- Nausea, vomiting
- Diarrhea or constipation
Remember that each individual may respond differently and not all users will experience these side effects.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Xyzal?
When taking Xyzal, it's important to be aware of potential severe side effects. These could include:
- Signs of an allergic reaction or severe skin reaction: hives, itching, fever, swollen glands, difficulty breathing and swelling in your face or throat.
- Changes in mood or behavior that are unusual for you.
- Vision changes such as blurred vision or seeing halos around lights.
- Heart irregularities like fast or uneven heartbeats.
While these side effects are rare, they can occur and should prompt immediate medical attention. Many people take Xyzal without experiencing any adverse reactions; however, discussing any concerns with your healthcare provider is always advised. It's also worth noting that the risk of drowsiness may be higher with Xyzal than Claritin.
Contraindications for Claritin and Xyzal?
Both Claritin and Xyzal, like other antihistamine medications, might worsen symptoms of drowsiness in some people. If you notice increased fatigue or lethargy after taking either medication, please consult with your healthcare provider promptly.
Neither Claritin nor Xyzal should be taken if you are using or have recently used monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Always inform your physician about any medications you're currently taking; MAOIs will require a period of about 2 weeks to clear from the system to prevent potential harmful interactions with Claritin and Xyzal.
How much do Claritin and Xyzal cost?
For the brand name versions of these drugs:
- The price of 70 tablets of Claritin (10 mg) averages around $35, which works out to about $0.50/day.
- The price for 35 tablets of Xyzal (5 mg) is approximately $20, working out to roughly $0.57/day.
Thus, if you require only a single dose per day as recommended for these antihistamines, then brand-name Claritin and Xyzal are quite comparable in cost on a per-day treatment basis. However, please note that cost should not be the primary consideration in determining which of these drugs is right for you.
As far as generic versions are concerned:
- Loratadine (generic version of Claritin), available in packs ranging from 30 up to 300 tablets with costs starting from as low as $0.05/day (if you buy larger packs upfront), and rarely exceeding about $0.15/day.
- Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (generic version of Xyzal) can be bought in packs of 30 or more with approximate costs around $1 - $2 per day depending on your dosage and pack size choice.
Popularity of Claritin and Xyzal
Loratadine, more commonly known by its brand name Claritin, was prescribed to an estimated 11.9 million people in the US in 2020. This accounts for roughly 24% of antihistamine prescriptions in the country. Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine and it has been widely available over-the-counter since 2002, which means that actual use could be much higher than prescription numbers indicate.
Levocetirizine, also known as Xyzal, was prescribed to about 6 million people in the USA during the same year. It makes up nearly half (48%) of all prescriptions for third-generation antihistamines and just over 12% of overall antihistamine prescriptions. Levocetirizine has seen a steady increase in its prevalence since it was first introduced into the market around two decades ago.
Conclusion
Both Claritin (loratadine) and Xyzal (levocetirizine) are commonly used for managing symptoms of allergies, with long-standing records of usage in patients. Their effectiveness is backed by numerous clinical studies indicating that they provide more relief than placebo treatments. Both have different mechanisms of action as antihistamines; Claritin acts primarily on H1 receptors without entering the brain, whereas Xyzal can enter the brain but has a stronger affinity for peripheral H1 receptors.
Claritin is generally considered a first-line treatment option due to its non-sedating properties and availability over-the-counter. On the other hand, Xyzal would usually be considered as an adjuvant therapy or in patients who did not respond well to loratadine-based medications.
Both drugs are available in generic form, which represents significant cost savings especially for those paying out-of-pocket. They may require an adjustment period until achieving optimal effects after initiation.
The side effect profile between these two drugs is similar: both being generally well-tolerated with minimal sedation. However, Xyzal has been reported to cause drowsiness more often compared to Claritin. For both drugs, users should monitor their reactions closely when starting treatment and seek medical help immediately if experiencing severe side effects such as difficulty breathing or swelling of face/lips/tongue/throat.
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Refrences
- Potter, P. C., & on behalf of the Study Group. (2003, August 4). Levocetirizine is effective for symptom relief including nasal congestion in adolescent and adult (PAR) sensitized to house dust mites. Allergy. Wiley.http://doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00171.x
- Hair, P. I., & Scott, L. J. (2006). Levocetirizine. Drugs. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.http://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200666070-00017
- Rogkakou, A., Villa, E., Garelli, V., & Canonica, G. W. (2011, March). Persistent Allergic Rhinitis and the XPERT Study. World Allergy Organization Journal. Elsevier BV.http://doi.org/10.1097/wox.0b013e318214ba84
- Stübner, P., Zieglmayer, R., & Horak, F. (2004, April 20). A direct comparison of the efficacy of antihistamines in SAR and PAR: randomised, placebo-controlled studies with levocetirizine and loratadine using an environmental exposure unit – the Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC). Current Medical Research and Opinion. Informa Healthcare.http://doi.org/10.1185/030079904125003700
- Yonekura, S., Okamoto, Y., Yamamoto, H., Sakurai, T., Iinuma, T., Sakurai, D., & Hanazawa, T. (2013). Randomized Double-Blind Study of Prophylactic Treatment with an Antihistamine for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. S. Karger AG.http://doi.org/10.1159/000350926