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Glyxambi vs Jardiance
Introduction
For patients with type 2 diabetes, certain drugs that alter the way the body handles glucose can help in managing blood sugar levels and preventing complications. Glyxambi and Jardiance are two such drugs that are prescribed for this purpose. They each have different mechanisms of action, but both aid in controlling high blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Glyxambi is a combination drug consisting of empagliflozin (a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor) and linagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor), affecting both renal glucose reabsorption and incretin hormone regulation to lower blood sugar. Jardiance, on the other hand, contains only empagliflozin as an active ingredient which works primarily by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption.
Glyxambi vs Jardiance Side By Side
| Attribute | Glyxambi | Jardiance |
|---|---|---|
| Brand Name | Glyxambi | Jardiance |
| Contraindications | Patients with a history of pancreatitis, severe kidney disease | Severe kidney disease |
| Cost | Around $600 for 30 tablets (10/5 mg) | Around $540 for 30 tablets (10 mg) |
| Generic Name | Empagliflozin and Linagliptin | Empagliflozin |
| Most Serious Side Effect | Pancreatitis, Ketoacidosis, Severe skin reactions | Ketoacidosis, Kidney problems, Heart failure symptoms |
| Severe Drug Interactions | Insulin therapy or insulin secretagogues (risk of hypoglycemia), ACE inhibitors (risk of hyperkalemia) | Insulin therapy or insulin secretagogues (risk of hypoglycemia), ACE inhibitors (risk of hyperkalemia) |
| Typical Dose | 10/5 mg to 25/5 mg per day | 10 mg/day, up to 25 mg/day if necessary |
What is Glyxambi?
Glyxambi and Jardiance are both oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. They are designed to control high blood sugar levels, helping prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs and sexual function issues. Glyxambi is a combination medication that contains two active drugs: empagliflozin (Jardiance) and linagliptin. Empagliflozin works by aiding the kidneys in getting rid of glucose from your bloodstream while Linagliptin works by increasing levels of incretins to help control blood sugar by increasing insulin release, especially after a meal.
On the other hand, Jardiance only consists of empagliflozin as its main component - it does not include linagliptin like Glyxambi does. This makes Glyxambi more advantageous for those with higher HbA1C who might need stronger or combined therapy for their condition. Both medications have been approved by the FDA; however, since they have different compositions they may result in slightly varied side effects.
What conditions is Glyxambi approved to treat?
Glyxambi is approved for the treatment of specific health conditions:
- Type 2 diabetes, as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults when both empagliflozin and linagliptin are appropriate treatments
- Glyxambi is not recommended for patients with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis
On the other hand, Jardiance also treats:
- Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve glycemic control, alongside diet and exercise
- Cardiovascular death risk reduction in adult patients with established cardiovascular disease who also have type 2 diabetes.
How does Glyxambi help with these illnesses?
Glyxambi aids in managing diabetes by increasing the amount of insulin produced after meals and decreasing the amount of glucose that your liver makes. It achieves this through a combination of two active ingredients: empagliflozin and linagliptin. Empagliflozin works by helping the kidneys get rid of glucose from your bloodstream, while linagliptin increases the levels of insulin your body produces after eating and decreases the amount of sugar made by your body. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels, playing an important role in energy storage, metabolism regulation among other things. Individuals with diabetes have relatively lower efficiency to regulate their blood sugar level. Therefore, by enhancing insulin production and reducing glucose creation, Glyxambi can limit negative effects caused due to high blood sugars and help patients manage their condition better.
What is Jardiance?
Jardiance is a brand name for empagliflozin, which is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. This means it works by preventing the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of glucose through urine and therefore lower blood sugar levels. It was first approved by the FDA in 2014. As Jardiance does not work like typical insulin-based diabetes treatments or sulfonylureas, its side-effect profile is also different - particularly in that it doesn't cause weight gain and has a lower risk of causing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Its unique mechanism can be beneficial for treating type 2 diabetes, especially in patients who do not respond well to more "typical" antidiabetic drugs such as metformin. Furthermore, studies have shown that Jardiance may also reduce cardiovascular death rates among those with type 2 diabetes.
What conditions is Jardiance approved to treat?
Jardiance is an FDA-approved medication used primarily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. It is particularly beneficial when diet and exercise alone do not provide adequate control over blood sugar levels. In addition to this, Jardiance has also been approved for:
- Reducing the risk of cardiovascular death in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease.
- Slowing the progression of kidney disease and reducing the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in certain patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease.
How does Jardiance help with these illnesses?
Empagliflozin, the active ingredient in Jardiance, is a medication that plays an integral role in controlling blood sugar levels. It performs this function by causing the kidneys to get rid of glucose from your bloodstream. This mechanism not only helps regulate blood sugar but can also lead to modest weight loss and lower blood pressure levels—beneficial side effects for individuals coping with type 2 diabetes. Glyxambi combines this same compound with linagliptin, another antidiabetic agent that increases certain hormones to help control blood sugar levels. Though effective, it may be more than is necessary for some patients who respond well solely to empagliflozin's properties as found in Jardiance. Also worth noting is that Jardiance has been associated with a reduction of cardiovascular-related issues and mortality in those with type 2 diabetes and pre-existing heart disease—an advantageous feature not shared by many other diabetic medications including Glyxambi.
How effective are both Glyxambi and Jardiance?
Glyxambi and Jardiance are both effective medications for managing type 2 diabetes, with Glyxambi receiving FDA approval in 2015, a year after the approval of Jardiance. Both drugs contain the active ingredient empagliflozin which works by blocking the reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys, thus promoting its excretion through urine and lowering blood sugar levels.
Glyxambi is differentiated from Jardiance by its inclusion of a second active ingredient: linagliptin. Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that works to increase hormones that stimulate insulin production in pancreas while reducing glucose production in liver. Clinical trials have shown Glyxambi to be more effective than solo use of either empagliflozin or linagliptin at lowering HbA1c levels.
A meta-analysis review conducted on empagliflozin (the common component of both drugs) reported it was not only efficient at controlling hyperglycemia but also showed beneficial effects on body weight and systolic blood pressure without increasing hypoglycemia risk.
The combination therapy offered by Glyxambi may provide an optimal solution for patients who require additional glycemic control than what can be achieved with monotherapy such as Jardiance alone. However, like all medicines, they should be used under medical supervision considering individual patient’s health profile and potential side effects.
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At what dose is Glyxambi typically prescribed?
Oral dosages of Glyxambi range from 10/5 mg to 25/5 mg per day, but studies have indicated that a starting dose of 10/5 mg is typically sufficient for treating type 2 diabetes in most people. If this dosage does not provide adequate control of blood sugar levels, it can be increased to the maximum recommended daily dose of 25/5mg. In comparison, Jardiance is typically started at a dosage of 10 mg once daily and can also be increased up to a maximum of 25mg if necessary. It's crucial to note that both medications should only be adjusted under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
At what dose is Jardiance typically prescribed?
Jardiance treatment typically begins with a dosage of 10 mg/day, taken once daily in the morning. If necessary and well-tolerated, this can be increased to 25 mg/day after a few weeks. It is important that the medication is taken at the same time each day for best results. As Jardiance affects kidney function as part of its therapeutic effect, it's crucial to monitor kidney function while on this medication, particularly in patients who have pre-existing kidney disease or are elderly. Always remember that any changes should only be made under medical supervision and according to your doctor’s advice.
What are the most common side effects for Glyxambi?
Some of the common side effects of Glyxambi include:
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Nasopharyngitis (inflammation of the nose and throat)
- Diarrhea
- Nausea and vomiting
- Thirst or dry mouth due to increased urination
- Abdominal pain or discomfort, indigestion
- Increased cholesterol levels
- Weight loss may occur, but this can be a positive effect for those with type 2 diabetes.
On the other hand, Jardiance has similar potential side effects including urinary tract infections and upper respiratory tract infections. It also includes dehydration because it causes you to pee more often, which could lead to low blood pressure that can make you feel dizzy or faint. Other possible side effects are yeast infections in women and men, changes in lipid levels like raised LDL cholesterol, nausea, increased thirst due to frequent urination, joint pain and fatigue.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Glyxambi?
Glyxambi and Jardiance are both used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, Glyxambi is a combination medication that contains two active ingredients: empagliflozin and linagliptin, whereas Jardiance only contains empagliflozin. Therefore, while they have many potential side effects in common, there may also be some differences due to the presence of linagliptin in Glyxambi.
Serious but rare side effects for these medications can include:
- Signs of allergic reaction such as hives, difficult breathing or swallowing, swelling in your face or throat
- Pancreatitis symptoms: severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back with nausea and vomiting.
- Dehydration symptoms: feeling very weak or tired; dizziness or lightheadedness (like you might pass out); dry mouth; increased thirst; sweating less than usual
- Ketoacidosis (too much acid in the blood) signs: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain; confusion or unusual drowsiness; fast heartbeats.
- Kidney problems - little or no urination; painful or difficult urination; swelling around ankles and feet Severe skin reactions - fever sore throat burning eyes skin pain red/purple rash with blistering/peeling.
If any serious adverse reactions occur while taking either drug it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention.
What are the most common side effects for Jardiance?
Jardiance, a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, may lead to some of the following side effects:
- Dehydration due to increased urination
- Nausea and stomach discomfort
- Weight loss
- Symptoms of urinary tract infections such as burning sensation during urination or urgency
- Fatigue and dizziness
- Dry mouth or thirstiness
- Yeast infections in both men and women.
It's also important to note that Jardiance can potentially cause serious side effects like ketoacidosis (high levels of ketones in your blood or urine), kidney problems, sudden pancreatitis, heart failure symptoms (shortness of breath, rapid weight gain from fluid retention) and allergic reactions. Always remember it's crucial to discuss any new medications with your health care professional before starting treatment.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Jardiance?
While Jardiance is generally well-tolerated, it can occasionally cause severe side effects. Some indicators of potential adverse reactions to watch out for include:
- Signs of allergic reaction such as hives, itching, difficulty breathing or swallowing, or swelling in your face or throat
- Symptoms of dehydration like dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting
- Yeast infections in both men and women due to increased sugar in urine
- Urinary tract infection symptoms including burning sensation during urination and frequent urge to urinate
- Ketoacidosis (too much acid in the blood), which can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain and tiredness
- Sudden kidney problems with changes in urine output.
If you notice any of these symptoms after starting Jardiance treatment, please consult your healthcare provider immediately.
Contraindications for Glyxambi and Jardiance?
Both Glyxambi and Jardiance, like many other diabetes medications, may trigger certain side effects in some patients. If you notice any severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swallowing, swelling of your face, lips or throat, sudden skin rash or hives, seek immediate medical attention.
Glyxambi should not be taken by patients with a history of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) as it may increase the risk of developing this condition again. Likewise, Jardiance is not recommended for those with severe kidney disease.
Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking; certain drugs can interact negatively with both Glyxambi and Jardiance. For instance, if you're on insulin therapy or use an insulin secretagogue such as sulfonylurea to control blood sugar levels there's a greater risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when combined with these drugs.
Furthermore, if you have been prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for high blood pressure they need to be used cautiously along with either drug since they can increase potassium levels in the body potentially leading to hyperkalemia - a serious health condition.
How much do Glyxambi and Jardiance cost?
For the brand name versions of these drugs:
- The price for 30 tablets of Glyxambi (10/5 mg) averages around $600, which works out to about $20/day.
- The price for 30 tablets of Jardiance (10 mg) is approximately $540, working out to roughly $18/day.
Thus, if you are taking a standard dosage for both medications, then brand-name Jardiance is less expensive on a per-day treatment basis. It's important that cost should not be the primary consideration in determining which drug is better suited for your medical needs.
As with many other medications used to treat diabetes type II, there aren't any generic versions available yet due to patent restrictions. Therefore costs remain relatively high compared to some other types of medication where generics have been introduced into the market. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes in your medication regimen.
Popularity of Glyxambi and Jardiance
Empagliflozin, under the brand name Jardiance, was estimated to have been prescribed to approximately 2.4 million people in the US in 2020. Empagliflozin accounted for just over 20% of SGLT-2 inhibitor prescriptions in the US. It is commonly used as a monotherapy or combination therapy with other oral antidiabetic agents for controlling blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Glyxambi, on the other hand, is a combination drug consisting of empagliflozin and linagliptin and was also first approved by FDA around the same time as Jardiance (2014). However, it has not seen quite as widespread use yet due to its relatively higher cost compared to single agent therapies like Jardiance itself. Glyxambi is generally preferred when dual action from both an SGLT-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) and DPP-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) are required for better glycemic control.
Conclusion
Both Glyxambi and Jardiance have been consistently used in managing type 2 diabetes, and numerous clinical studies support their effectiveness over placebo treatments. Occasionally, these drugs may be used concurrently, but this requires meticulous deliberation from a healthcare provider due to potential contraindications. Owing to their differing mechanisms of action - with Jardiance (empagliflozin) primarily inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose by the kidneys, and Glyxambi combining this mechanism with an additional one that increases insulin production (linagliptin), they are often prescribed under varying circumstances.
Jardiance is typically considered as a first-line treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes who also have heart diseases or at high risk for cardiovascular complications given its proven benefits on heart health. On the other hand, Glyxambi could potentially be preferred in patients who need better blood sugar control since it combines two active ingredients working through different mechanisms.
Both drugs are not yet available in generic form which can represent significant costs especially for patients paying out-of-pocket. They both might require an adjustment period wherein effects may take some time before being noticed.
The side effect profiles between the two medications are relatively similar - generally well-tolerated but each carrying their own specific risks such as urinary tract infections or hypoglycemia when combined with other diabetic medications like sulphonylureas. For both drugs, monitoring blood sugar levels is critical particularly during initiation of therapy; any substantial alterations should prompt immediate consultation with a healthcare provider.
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Refrences
- Tan, X., & Hu, J. (2016, October). Empagliflozin/Linagliptin: Combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Annales d'Endocrinologie. Elsevier BV.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.11.003
- Scott, L. J. (2014, October). Empagliflozin: A Review of Its Use in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Drugs. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.http://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-014-0298-1
- Shafiq, A., Mahboob, E., Samad, M. A., Ur Rehman, M. H., & Tharwani, Z. H. (2022, September). The dual role of empagliflozin: Cardio renal protection in T2DM patients. Annals of Medicine & Surgery. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104555
- Frampton, J. E. (2018, June 27). Empagliflozin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. Drugs. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.http://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-018-0937-z
- Kim, E. S., & Deeks, E. D. (2015, September). Empagliflozin/Linagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. Drugs. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.http://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-015-0457-z
- Pai, R. P. R., & Kangath, R. V. (2019, February 15). Bilateral gangrene of fingers in a patient on empagliflozin: First case report. World Journal of Diabetes. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.http://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v10.i2.133