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Zyrtec D vs Benadryl
Introduction
For patients with allergies, certain drugs that block the action of histamine, a compound in the body linked to allergic reactions, can help alleviate symptoms such as sneezing, itching and nasal congestion. Zyrtec D and Benadryl are two such drugs often used to manage these allergy symptoms. Both medicines function as antihistamines but affect different receptors within our bodies. Zyrtec D contains cetirizine and pseudoephedrine; cetirizine is an antihistamine that reduces natural chemical histamine in the body while pseudoephedrine acts as a decongestant reducing sinus pressure and congestion. On the other hand, Benadryl or diphenhydramine works by blocking H1 receptors helping relieve allergy symptoms but it has sedative properties making drowsiness a common side effect.
Zyrtec D vs Benadryl Side By Side
| Attribute | Zyrtec d | Benadryl |
|---|---|---|
| Brand Name | Zyrtec D | Benadryl |
| Contraindications | Should not be taken if using or have recently used MAO inhibitors | Should not be taken if using or have recently used MAO inhibitors |
| Cost | Approximately $0.83/day for brand name, $1 to $2 per day for generic | Approximately $0.21/day for brand name, less than half that for generic |
| Generic Name | Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine | Diphenhydramine |
| Most Serious Side Effect | Difficulty breathing or swallowing, signs of allergic reaction, vision problems, heart issues, low potassium, high blood pressure | Severe allergic reaction, unusual mood swings or confusion, little or no urination, rapid heartbeat, painful urination, dry mouth/nose/throat/eyes |
| Severe Drug Interactions | MAO inhibitors | MAO inhibitors |
| Typical Dose | One tablet every 12 hours; do not exceed two tablets in 24 hours | 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours; not to exceed 300 mg/day |
What is Zyrtec D?
Cetirizine and pseudoephedrine (the generic names for Zyrtec D) were a significant development in the class of antihistamine drugs, similar to how fluoxetine marked growth in antidepressants. Cetirizine was first approved by the FDA in 2007 as an over-the-counter medication. Zyrtec D works by blocking histamines, naturally occurring substances that cause symptoms of allergies, effectively “trapping” them from causing discomfort or reactions. It is prescribed for relief from seasonal allergies and colds.
Zyrtec D has a selective influence on histamines with only minor influences on other bodily functions like heart rate which results in it having fewer side effects than other allergy medications that have stronger effects on these aspects. For example, Diphenhydramine (the generic name for Benadryl), another popular antihistamine drug also suppresses allergic reactions but may lead to more pronounced drowsiness due to its broader effect beyond just targeting histamines.
What conditions is Zyrtec D approved to treat?
Zyrtec D is approved for the treatment of various allergic conditions:
- Itchy or watery eyes, runny nose, and sneezing caused by seasonal or year-round allergies
- Chronic hives with unknown cause (chronic idiopathic urticaria)
- Additionally, it can provide relief from nasal and sinus congestion due to common colds or allergies.
How does Zyrtec D help with these illnesses?
Zyrtec D helps manage allergy symptoms by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that becomes elevated during allergic reactions. It does this by occupying the histamine receptors in the body's cells, preventing histamine from attaching and causing symptoms. Histamine is a compound involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut; it also acts as a neurotransmitter. In allergies, an overproduction of histamines can lead to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes and runny nose. Therefore, by blocking histamines, Zyrtec D can limit these unfavorable effects of allergies and help patients manage their condition more comfortably.
Zyrtec D also contains pseudoephedrine which acts on adrenergic receptors leading to vasoconstriction and thus reducing nasal congestion often associated with allergies. Unlike Benadryl (diphenhydramine), another antihistaminic drug used for similar conditions but known for its sedative side effect due to crossing blood brain barrier easily , Zyrtec-D (cetirizine/pseudoephedrine) is less likely to cause drowsiness because it does not cross into your brain tissue as readily.
What is Benadryl?
Benadryl is a brand name for diphenhydramine, which is a first-generation antihistamine. This means it works by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms. First introduced to the market in 1946 and approved by the FDA, Benadryl has long been used as an over-the-counter medication to relieve symptoms of allergies such as runny nose; sneezing; watery eyes; hives; skin rash; itching, and other cold or allergy symptoms.
Its mechanism also includes crossing into the brain from the blood (which many second-generation antihistamines like Zyrtec D do not), resulting in potential sedation or drowsiness – a common side effect that differs significantly from non-drowsy formulas like Zyrtec D. Moreover, Benadryl's effects tend to wear off within 4-6 hours meaning more frequent dosing may be required compared with newer medicines. However, its wide availability and potent relief of acute allergic reactions have kept it popular among patients who experience severe or unexpected allergies.
What conditions is Benadryl approved to treat?
Benadryl is an antihistamine that has been approved for the treatment of:
- Allergy symptoms, including sneezing, runny nose, and itching or watering eyes
- Symptoms of the common cold such as sneezing and runny nose
- Itchiness associated with hives and rashes
- Insomnia due to its sedative effects.
It's worth noting that while Benadryl can be very effective, it tends to cause more drowsiness than some other treatments like Zyrtec D.
How does Benadryl help with these illnesses?
Diphenhydramine, the active ingredient in Benadryl, is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist that inhibits the action of histamine at its receptors in various parts of the body. Histamine, a chemical produced during certain immune reactions, plays roles in many processes in the body including allergic responses and wakefulness. By blocking its effects, Benadryl alleviates allergy symptoms such as itchy or watery eyes, runny nose and sneezing. It also has sedative properties due to its effects on central nervous system histamine receptors which may lead to drowsiness–a common side effect. This sets it apart from Zyrtec D which contains an additional decongestant component but does not cause significant drowsiness–making it more suitable for daytime use while Benadryl might be preferred for nighttime allergies or if sleep aid is needed.
How effective are both Zyrtec D and Benadryl?
Both cetirizine (Zyrtec D) and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) are antihistamines that have been trusted for years in alleviating allergy symptoms. They were both approved by the FDA, with Benadryl being an older medication released decades before Zyrtec D. These medications work in different ways as they belong to different generations of antihistamines; hence, their prescription may vary based on individual needs and circumstances.
The effectiveness of Zyrtec D and Benadryl was directly studied in various clinical trials, showing comparable efficacy in managing symptoms like itching, sneezing, runny nose caused due to allergies or common colds. However, a 2007 study found that Zyrtec might be more effective than Benadryl at relieving symptoms related to nasal blockage and inflammation.
A review conducted on the use of cetirizine demonstrated its ability in providing fast relief from allergic symptoms often within an hour after ingestion. It has fewer side effects compared to other first-generation antihistamines like Benadryl; it is also well-tolerated across all age groups including seniors. Cetirizine is one of the most prescribed second-generation antihistamine drugs globally due partly to its non-sedating nature.
On the other hand, diphenhydramine's effectiveness against allergies cannot be ignored but it's usually considered a second-line treatment option primarily because it causes drowsiness which can affect daily activities or tasks requiring alertness such as driving. Nonetheless, due to its sedative properties, Benadryl may come handy for individuals having trouble sleeping due to allergic reactions.
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At what dose is Zyrtec D typically prescribed?
Oral dosages of Zyrtec D for adults and children 12 years and older are typically one tablet every 12 hours; do not exceed two tablets in 24 hours. For Benadryl, the recommended dosage for adults and children over 12 years is 25-50 mg every four to six hours, but studies have shown that the lower end of this range can be effective for most people. Children aged between six to eleven may start on a half adult dose. Dosage can be adjusted after a few days based on response, but should not exceed the maximum limit:300mg/day for Benadryl or two tablets per day for Zyrtec D in any circumstance.
At what dose is Benadryl typically prescribed?
Benadryl treatment is generally initiated at a dosage of 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours. However, the dose can be increased to 50-100 mg every four to six hours if symptoms persist, but must never exceed a maximum dose of 300 mg/day divided into several doses spaced approximately four to six hours apart. If there's no response or relief from symptoms after trying the initial dose for a few days, your doctor might suggest testing the higher end of the dosage range. Remember that Benadryl may cause drowsiness and should always be taken with caution when driving or operating machinery are involved.
What are the most common side effects for Zyrtec D?
Common side effects of Zyrtec D and Benadryl include:
- Dry mouth
- Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain
- Constipation
- Restlessness or excitability (especially in children)
- Dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness
- Sleep problems (insomnia)
- Mild skin rash
- Thickening of mucus in the throat and chest
While both these medications are generally well tolerated when used as directed, they may cause different reactions in some patients. It is always recommended to consult with your healthcare provider if you experience any unusual symptoms while taking these medications.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Zyrtec D?
While both Zyrtec D and Benadryl are antihistamines used to alleviate allergy symptoms, they can have different side effects. For Zyrtec D, be aware of the following possible serious side effects:
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Signs of allergic reaction: hives, trouble breathing, swelling in your face or throat
- Vision problems: blurred vision, eye pain or swelling
- Heart issues: fast or pounding heartbeats; feeling like you might pass out
- Low potassium - leg cramps, constipation, irregular heartbeats
- High blood pressure - severe headache, blurred vision
For Benadryl:
- Severe drowsiness that can impair functioning
- Dry mouth/nose/throat/eyes leading to discomfort
- Urinary retention which may cause pain and bladder issues
As always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new medication regimen. If you experience any of these symptoms while taking either drug stop use immediately and seek medical attention.
What are the most common side effects for Benadryl?
Benadryl, an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergies or colds, can have varying side effects. These include:
- Dry mouth, nose, and throat
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Constipation
- Increased chest congestion
- Headache
- Muscle weakness
Users may also experience more severe symptoms like mood changes such as restlessness or confusion. Benadryl can sometimes cause blurred vision or trouble urinating. Unlike Zyrtec-D which is typically non-drowsy, one of the most common side effects of Benadryl is drowsiness. Therefore, it should not be taken when driving a vehicle or operating machinery.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Benadryl?
While Benadryl is a commonly used antihistamine, it's important to note some of the potential side effects. These can include:
- A severe allergic reaction characterized by hives, difficulty breathing, and swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat
- Unusual mood swings or confusion
- Little or no urination
- Rapid heartbeat or fluttering in your chest
- Painful urination
- Dry mouth, nose and throat; feeling nauseous; constipation
If you notice these symptoms after taking Benadryl, discontinue its use immediately and seek medical attention. Moreover, please remember that this medication may cause drowsiness so avoid engaging in activities that require alertness such as driving while under its influence.
Contraindications for Zyrtec D and Benadryl?
Both Zyrtec D and Benadryl, like most antihistamines, can cause certain side effects in some individuals. If you notice an increase in severity of symptoms such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the throat, face, lips or tongue after taking these medications, seek immediate medical attention.
Neither Zyrtec D nor Benadryl should be taken if you are using or have recently used monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Always inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently on; MAOIs need a washout period of approximately 2 weeks to prevent harmful interactions with both Zyrtec D and Benadryl.
How much do Zyrtec D and Benadryl cost?
For the brand name versions of these drugs:
- The price of 24 tablets of Zyrtec-D (5 mg/120 mg) averages around $20, which works out to approximately $0.83/day, depending on your dose.
- The price for a pack of 48 tablets Benadryl (25 mg) is about $10, working out to roughly $0.21/day.
Thus, if you are taking the maximum over-the-counter dosage for Zyrtec-D (i.e., two doses per day), then brand-name Benadryl ends up being less expensive on a per-day basis. However, cost should not be your primary consideration when determining which medication is right for you.
On the other hand,
Generic versions of both medications can further reduce costs:
- Generic Zyrtec-D (cetirizine and pseudoephedrine) comes in packs starting at 12 tablets with approximate costs ranging from $1 to $2 per day based on typical dosages.
- Diphenhydramine HCL –the generic version of Benadryl– is available in packs as large as 100 capsules with prices beginning at just over one cent per unit leading to daily costs often less than half that seen with branded Benadryl.
Popularity of Zyrtec D and Benadryl
Cetirizine, commonly known by brand names such as Zyrtec D, was estimated to have sold around 4.6 million units in the US in 2020. Cetirizine accounted for just over 22% of over-the-counter antihistamine purchases in the US and is classified as a second-generation antihistamine due to its non-sedating properties. The consumption of cetirizine has been generally increasing since its introduction.
Diphenhydramine, including brand versions such as Benadryl, had an annual sales volume of approximately 3 million units in the USA during 2020. In the US market, diphenhydramine accounts for roughly 15% of OTC antihistamine purchases and about 7% of overall allergy medication sales. Despite being an older first-generation medication that often causes drowsiness due to crossing the blood-brain barrier more easily than newer alternatives like cetirizine or loratadine, it remains popular because it's effective against a broad range of allergy symptoms and can also be used as a sleep aid.
Conclusion
Both Zyrtec D (cetirizine and pseudoephedrine) and Benadryl (diphenhydramine) have a long history of use in managing allergy symptoms, with numerous clinical studies indicating their effectiveness. Both drugs work by blocking the action of histamine, a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms. However, they are not typically combined due to potential interactions.
Zyrtec D has dual-action properties as it contains an antihistamine for allergy relief and a nasal decongestant while Benadryl only has antihistamine activity. This makes Zyrtec D particularly useful when allergies are accompanied by nasal congestion.
In terms of availability, both medications can be obtained over-the-counter without a prescription which aids in affordability especially for those who must pay out-of-pocket. However, one should note that some pharmacies may keep Zyrtec-D behind the counter due to its content of pseudoephedrine.
The side effect profile is somewhat different between these two drugs: While both medications are generally well-tolerated, Benadryl is more likely than Zyrtec D to cause drowsiness and sedation - an important consideration if you need to remain alert during daytime hours or operate machinery or vehicles. On starting either treatment, patients should monitor their response closely and seek medical help immediately if they experience severe side effects such as difficulty breathing or swallowing.
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Refrences
- Storms, W. W. (1997, March 1). Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: Effects of Allergic Rhinitis and Antihistamines on Performance. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. Oceanside Publications Inc.http://doi.org/10.2500/108854197778605473
- Alhwimani, A. K., Aljohani, R. A., & Altulaihi, B. A. (2021, December 22). The Use of Over-the-Counter Sleep Aid Containing Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Among Saudis. Cureus. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.http://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.20622
- Naclerio, R. M. (1993, June). The Effect of Antihistamines on the Immediate Allergic Response: A Comparative Review. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Wiley.http://doi.org/10.1177/019459989310800615
- Nathan, R. A., Finn, A. F., Jr, LaForce, C., Ratner, P., Chapman, D., de Guia, E. C., … Kramer, B. (2006, September). Comparison of cetirizine-pseudoephedrine and placebo in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and concomitant mild-to-moderate asthma: randomized, double-blind study. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Elsevier BV.http://doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60806-x
- Wolfson, A. R., Wong, D., Abrams, E. M., Waserman, S., & Sussman, G. L. (2022, December). Diphenhydramine: Time to Move on?. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. Elsevier BV.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2022.07.018