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Side Effects Of Platelet Donation: What You Need To Know
Blood Components Overview
Blood comprises several components. Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma are the main ones.
Red Blood Cells (RBCs), known as erythrocytes, transport oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. They give your blood its red color. RBCs make up about 45% of your total blood volume.
Next, we have the White Blood Cells (WBCs) or leukocytes. WBCs fight infections in our body. They form a key part of our immune system and help us stay healthy.
Then come the Platelets, also called thrombocytes. Platelets enable clotting - they stop bleeding by clumping together at injury sites to form a clot.
Finally, there's Plasma – it’s the liquid component of our blood that holds these cells in suspension. It makes up more than half (about 55%) of total blood volume and is mostly water but also contains proteins, hormones, minerals, and vitamins.
Importance of Blood Donations
Blood donations save lives. Every two seconds, someone in the U.S. needs blood. The demand is high and constant.
Donating blood means you are giving a valuable gift to those who require it for survival. It's not just accident victims who need blood; others also rely on it. Patients with cancer, anemia, or rare diseases often need regular transfusions.
Blood donation benefits the donor too. Your body gets a mini check-up each time you donate blood: pulse rate, hemoglobin levels, and overall health status are assessed before donation starts. It can help reveal potential health issues early on.
So by donating your blood frequently - every 56 days for whole-blood donors - you're not only helping others but keeping yourself healthy as well.
Whole-Blood Donation Procedure
The whole-blood donation procedure is simple and safe. First, a small medical examination occurs. This involves checking your temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and hemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
In the second stage, you sit comfortably while a needle enters into one of your veins. The needle connects to a tube leading to a bag where your blood collects. You squeeze a soft ball every few seconds to help blood flow out more easily.
This process takes about 10 minutes on average. Afterward, staff remove the needle and apply a bandage over the area gently.
Finally comes rest time with refreshments for about 15 minutes post-donation before leaving the facility.
Remember: drink plenty of fluids throughout this day! Also avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise until after some hours have passed since donating.
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Platelets Donation Process
The Platelets Donation Process is a straightforward procedure. It's safe, painless and can save lives.
You start with a health review. This includes a physical exam and medical history questionnaire. You need to be healthy to donate. No current infections or serious illnesses are allowed.
Next is the donation process itself. A needle goes into your arm vein. The blood flows out from there into an automated machine called an apheresis device. This machine separates platelets from the rest of your blood components, retaining them in a collection bag while returning the remaining parts back to you through another tube connected to the same needle.
Lastly, hydration and recovery take place after donation happens - it’s important! Donated platelets regenerate fully within 7 days post-donation but replenishing lost fluids immediately after donating aids faster recovery.
Remember, this process takes longer than regular whole blood donations – about 1-2 hours overall due to the use of advanced technology involved in separating cells accurately.
Side Effects of Donating
Donating, whether blood, plasma, or organs, comes with potential side effects. Understanding these can help you make informed decisions.
Blood Donation Side Effects Most common is slight fatigue and lightheadedness after donation. These are temporary. Hydrate well and eat iron-rich foods to recover quickly.
Plasma Donation Side Effects Similar to blood donation but may also include a tingling sensation due to the anticoagulant used in the process. This is normal and fades soon.
Organ Donation Side Effects This involves surgery which brings risks like infection and complications from anesthesia. Long-term effects depend on the organ donated.
Remember: everyone's body reacts differently. Monitor your symptoms post-donation if any persist ensure seeking timely medical advice.
Cancer Patients and Transfusions
Cancer patients often need transfusions. Transfusions involve giving blood products through a vein. These products may include red blood cells, platelets, or plasma.
Red Blood Cell Transfusion: Cancer can cause anemia. Anemia is the shortage of red blood cells in your body causing fatigue and shortness of breath. A transfusion of red blood cells helps to relieve these symptoms.
Platelet Transfusion: Some cancers and treatments reduce the number of platelets in your body. Platelets help stop bleeding by clotting your blood. If you have too few platelets, you might bruise easily or bleed excessively.
Plasma Transfusion: Plasma contains proteins that help clot your blood and fight infections. Sometimes cancer treatments can lower plasma levels leading to severe bleeding problems.
In conclusion, transfusions are common for cancer patients facing issues related to their bloodstream due to disease progression or treatment side effects.
Testing and Storage of Donated Blood
Once donated, blood goes through rigorous testing. This ensures its safety and suitability for transfusion. Labs conduct several tests on each unit of donated blood. These include checks for infectious diseases like HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and many others.
After passing all the required tests, blood gets separated into different components: red cells, platelets, plasma. Red cells carry oxygen to tissues in our body. Platelets help clotting to prevent bleeding out when injured. Plasma, a yellowish fluid part of the blood, is rich in proteins and nutrients.
Storage conditions are crucial for maintaining the quality of these components until they're needed by patients. Red cells can be stored in refrigeration at 2-6 degrees Celsius for up to 42 days. Platelets require constant gentle agitation at room temperature (20-24 degrees Celsius) with a shelf life of only five days due to bacterial growth risk factors. If not used within that period, they would render them useless or potentially harmful if transfused into a patient's bloodstream. Plasma can be frozen and stored up to one year - hence it acts as an excellent resource during emergencies when there is massive demand or shortage supply from donors.
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Refrences
- Atkins, C. G., Buckley, K., Blades, M. W., & Turner, R. F. B. (2017, April 11). Raman Spectroscopy of Blood and Blood Components. Applied Spectroscopy. SAGE Publications.http://doi.org/10.1177/0003702816686593
- Arslan, Ö. (2005, December). Donors' blood group declaration before donation can be used as a tool for electronic crossmatching. Transfusion Medicine. Wiley.http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3148.2005.00630.x
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