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Bariatric Surgery: What You Need To Know
Bariatric Surgery Overview and Types
Bariatric surgery aids in weight loss for individuals with obesity, defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher.
There are various types of bariatric surgery.
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Gastric bypass is one method. It involves reducing the stomach size and altering the small intestine, leading to a reduced appetite and decreased calorie absorption.
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Another method is the gastric sleeve or sleeve gastrectomy, which entails removing a portion of the stomach to create a smaller 'sleeve'. This procedure may result in a decreased sense of hunger and a quicker sensation of fullness.
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The third common method is adjustable gastric banding, also known as the Lap Band procedure. This involves placing a band around the stomach to create two pouches, thereby limiting food intake.
Each method has its own set of considerations, including potential risks, recovery time, lifestyle changes post-surgery, and costs.
Candidates and Preparation for Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric surgery is a significant step in the weight loss journey. Candidates for bariatric surgery typically have a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 40. BMI measures body fat based on height and weight, with a high BMI indicating more obesity-related health risks.
Individuals with a lower BMI, between 35-39, may qualify if they have serious health problems such as diabetes or heart disease. Bariatric surgery is considered an option when diet and exercise have not led to significant weight loss.
Preparation for bariatric surgery involves several steps, including:
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Mental preparation to understand the lifestyle changes required post-surgery, such as adopting healthy eating habits and engaging in regular exercise.
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A medical evaluation is also part of the preparation process, to assess the individual's overall health status and their readiness for the procedure, including understanding the potential risks involved.
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Physical preparation before the operation day involves following preoperative diet plans to reduce liver size and make the procedure safer.
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Risks and Post-Surgery Expectations of Bariatrics
Bariatric surgery is a significant medical procedure that entails various risks, including infection, blood clots, complications from anesthesia, and breathing difficulties. These complications are relatively rare, affecting a small percentage of patients.
Following the surgery, patients often experience substantial weight loss, most of which occurs within the first two years post-operation. The post-surgery period involves adhering to a strict diet plan characterized by:
- Smaller meal portions
- Nutrient-rich foods
Incorporating regular exercise into daily routines is also a common practice.
Psychological support might be beneficial due to the significant physical changes experienced. Bariatric surgery demands a commitment to long-term lifestyle adjustments for successful outcomes.
Long-Term Results and Failed Weight-Loss Surgeries
Weight-loss surgeries can yield significant results in the short term, with patients often experiencing substantial weight loss. However, long-term results vary widely, with some individuals maintaining their new weight for years, while others may regain some or all of the lost weight.
Failed weight-loss surgery is not uncommon, indicating that the patient did not achieve or sustain the desired weight loss post-surgery. The reasons for this are complex and varied, including poor diet, lack of exercise, medical complications, and psychological factors.
The reasons for these failures include:
- Poor Diet & Lack of Exercise: Lifestyle changes post-surgery are crucial for long-term success.
- Medical Complications: The body might not respond as expected to surgery.
- Psychological Factors: Emotional eating habits may persist after surgery.
The long-term outcome largely depends on the individual's commitment to healthy living post-surgery.
Clinical trials continuously explore ways to improve surgical outcomes and patient experiences with these types of procedures.