Tagraxofusp + Azacitidine for AML and MDS
Recruiting in Palo Alto (17 mi)
Age: 18+
Sex: Any
Travel: May be covered
Time Reimbursement: Varies
Trial Phase: Phase 1
Recruiting
Sponsor: City of Hope Medical Center
Disqualifiers: Active malignancy, Cardiovascular disease, Pulmonary disease, CNS disease, others
No Placebo Group
Breakthrough Therapy
Approved in 5 jurisdictions
Trial Summary
What is the purpose of this trial?This phase Ib trial tests the safety, side effects, best dose and effectiveness of tagraxofusp in combination with azacitidine as maintenance therapy in treating patients with CD123 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after a donor (allogeneic) hematopoietic cell transplant. An allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is a type of transplant where the cancer patient receives cells from another person. Maintenance therapy is given after the transplant to prevent the cancer from coming back. Tagraxofusp is a drug that targets cells that have CD123 on their surface in order to kill the cancer cells to help prevent the cancer from coming back. Azacitidine is in a class of medications called demethylation agents. It works by helping the bone marrow to produce normal blood cells and by killing abnormal cells. Giving tagraxofusp in combination with azacitidine may be safe, tolerable and/or effective maintenance therapy in patients with CD123 positive AML and MDS after an allogeneic HCT.
Do I have to stop taking my current medications to join the trial?
The trial information does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications. However, it mentions that you should not have uncontrolled illnesses or be on certain investigational agents recently. It's best to discuss your specific medications with the study team.
What data supports the effectiveness of the drug Tagraxofusp + Azacitidine for AML and MDS?
Research shows that Azacitidine, a component of the treatment, is effective in improving survival for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is well-tolerated and has been shown to prolong overall survival compared to conventional care regimens, making it a recommended first-line treatment for these conditions.
12345Is the combination of Tagraxofusp and Azacitidine safe for humans?
Azacitidine, used for conditions like myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), has a favorable safety profile with common side effects including nausea, vomiting, and low blood cell counts. There is no specific safety data available for the combination of Tagraxofusp and Azacitidine, but Azacitidine alone is generally considered safe in humans.
678910What makes the drug Tagraxofusp + Azacitidine unique for treating AML and MDS?
The combination of Tagraxofusp and Azacitidine is unique because it targets CD123, a protein found on most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and uses a novel mechanism involving a diphtheria toxin to attack these cells. This approach is different from traditional chemotherapy and shows promise in treating high-risk AML, including cases with specific genetic mutations.
56111213Eligibility Criteria
This trial is for patients with CD123 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who have undergone a donor hematopoietic cell transplant. The study aims to find out if maintenance therapy with Tagraxofusp and Azacitidine can prevent cancer from returning.Inclusion Criteria
My last bone marrow test showed cancer cells or a complete response.
I can do most of my daily activities without help.
I haven't received anti-CD123 therapy after my stem cell transplant.
I do not have any active or uncontrolled infections.
I don't have active graft-versus-host disease and if I'm taking prednisone, it's 10 mg or less daily.
I am between 18 and 75 years old.
I can do most of my daily activities by myself.
I am eligible for a bone marrow transplant due to my high-risk leukemia or MDS.
My blood or bone marrow shows CD123 positivity.
I do not have serious heart problems.
Exclusion Criteria
I do not have serious heart problems like uncontrolled heart failure or recent heart attacks.
I do not have active hepatitis B, C, or HIV.
I am allergic to medications similar to tagraxofusp or azacitidine.
I am not pregnant or breastfeeding.
Participant Groups
The trial is testing the combination of two drugs, Tagraxofusp and Azacitidine, as post-transplant maintenance therapy. It's in phase Ib to determine safety, side effects, optimal dosages, and effectiveness against AML/MDS.
1Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Group I: Treatment (tagraxofusp, azacitidine)Experimental Treatment6 Interventions
Patients receive tagraxofusp IV over 15 minutes QD on days 1-3 and azacitidine IV over 10-40 minutes QD on days 1-5 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo blood sample collection and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy on study.
Azacitidine is already approved in European Union, United States, Canada, Japan, Australia for the following indications:
🇪🇺 Approved in European Union as Vidaza for:
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
🇺🇸 Approved in United States as Vidaza for:
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
🇨🇦 Approved in Canada as Vidaza for:
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Acute myeloid leukemia
🇯🇵 Approved in Japan as Vidaza for:
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Acute myeloid leukemia
🇦🇺 Approved in Australia as Vidaza for:
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Acute myeloid leukemia
Find A Clinic Near You
Research locations nearbySelect from list below to view details:
City of Hope Medical CenterDuarte, CA
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Who is running the clinical trial?
City of Hope Medical CenterLead Sponsor
National Cancer Institute (NCI)Collaborator
References
Somatic mutation dynamics in MDS patients treated with azacitidine indicate clonal selection in patients-responders. [2019]Azacitidine (AZA) for higher risk MDS patients is a standard therapy with limited durability. To monitor mutation dynamics during AZA therapy we utilized massive parallel sequencing of 54 genes previously associated with MDS/AML pathogenesis. Serial sampling before and during AZA therapy of 38 patients (reaching median overall survival 24 months (Mo) with 60% clinical responses) identified 116 somatic pathogenic variants with allele frequency (VAF) exceeding 5%. High accuracy of data was achieved via duplicate libraries from myeloid cells and T-cell controls. We observed that nearly half of the variants were stable while other variants were highly dynamic. Patients with marked decrease of allelic burden upon AZA therapy achieved clinical responses. In contrast, early-progressing patients on AZA displayed minimal changes of the mutation pattern. We modeled the VAF dynamics on AZA and utilized a joint model for the overall survival and response duration. While the presence of certain variants associated with clinical outcomes, such as the mutations of CDKN2A were adverse predictors while KDM6A mutations yield lower risk of dying, the data also indicate that allelic burden volatility represents additional important prognostic variable. In addition, preceding 5q- syndrome represents strong positive predictor of longer overall survival and response duration in high risk MDS patients treated with AZA. In conclusion, variants dynamics detected via serial sampling represents another parameter to consider when evaluating AZA efficacy and predicting outcome.
Azacitidine for Front-Line Therapy of Patients with AML: Reproducible Efficacy Established by Direct Comparison of International Phase 3 Trial Data with Registry Data from the Austrian Azacitidine Registry of the AGMT Study Group. [2018]We recently published a clinically-meaningful improvement in median overall survival (OS) for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), >30% bone marrow (BM) blasts and white blood cell (WBC) count ≤15 G/L, treated with front-line azacitidine versus conventional care regimens within a phase 3 clinical trial (AZA-AML-001; NCT01074047; registered: February 2010). As results obtained in clinical trials are facing increased pressure to be confirmed by real-world data, we aimed to test whether data obtained in the AZA-AML-001 trial accurately represent observations made in routine clinical practice by analysing additional AML patients treated with azacitidine front-line within the Austrian Azacitidine Registry (AAR; NCT01595295; registered: May 2012) and directly comparing patient-level data of both cohorts. We assessed the efficacy of front-line azacitidine in a total of 407 patients with newly-diagnosed AML. Firstly, we compared data from AML patients with WBC ≤ 15 G/L and >30% BM blasts included within the AZA-AML-001 trial treated with azacitidine ("AML-001" cohort; n = 214) with AAR patients meeting the same inclusion criteria ("AAR (001-like)" cohort; n = 95). The current analysis thus represents a new sub-analysis of the AML-001 trial, which is directly compared with a new sub-analysis of the AAR. Baseline characteristics, azacitidine application, response rates and OS were comparable between all patient cohorts within the trial or registry setting. Median OS was 9.9 versus 10.8 months (p = 0.616) for "AML-001" versus "AAR (001-like)" cohorts, respectively. Secondly, we pooled data from both cohorts (n = 309) and assessed the outcome. Median OS of the pooled cohorts was 10.3 (95% confidence interval: 8.7, 12.6) months, and the one-year survival rate was 45.8%. Thirdly, we compared data from AAR patients meeting AZA-AML-001 trial inclusion criteria (n = 95) versus all AAR patients with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined AML ("AAR (WHO-AML)" cohort; n = 193). Within the registry population, median OS for AAR patients meeting trial inclusion criteria versus all WHO-AML patients was 10.8 versus 11.8 months (p = 0.599), respectively. We thus tested and confirmed the efficacy of azacitidine as a front-line agent in patients with AML, >30% BM blasts and WBC ≤ 15 G/L in a routine clinical practice setting. We further show that the efficacy of azacitidine does not appear to be limited to AML patients who meet stringent clinical trial inclusion criteria, but instead appears efficacious as front-line treatment in all patients with WHO-AML.
Serum ferritin and ECOG performance status predict the response and improve the prognostic value of IPSS or IPSS-R in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia treated with 5-azacytidine: a retrospective analysis of the Hellenic national registry of myelodysplastic and hypoplastic syndromes. [2022]5-azacytidine (5-AZA) improves survival of patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, predictive factors for response and outcome have not been consistently studied.
Azacitidine: A Review in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. [2022]Azacitidine (Vidaza(®)) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue of cytidine and is approved in the EU for use in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), including older patients (aged ≥65 years) with AML with >30 % bone marrow blasts (BMB) who are ineligible for haematopoietic stem cell transplant. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and tolerability of azacitidine in the treatment of these patient populations, as well as summarizing its pharmacological properties. In pivotal, international, phase 3 trials, subcutaneous azacitidine was an effective and well tolerated treatment in patients with higher-risk MDS or AML, including older patients with AML with >30 % BMB, with extensive evidence from the real-world setting confirming its efficacy and safety in these patient populations. Azacitidine is the only approved hypomethylating agent that has been shown to prolong overall survival compared with conventional care regimens and thus, it is recommended as the first-line hypomethylating agent for most patients with higher-risk MDS. Hence, azacitidine remains and important agent for use in the treatment of higher-risk MDS and AML, including in older patients with AML with >30 % BMB.
Efficacy of Azacitidine in De Novo and Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Comparative Study. [2015]Azacitidine is a therapeutic alternative to low-dose cytarabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are unfit for intensive chemotherapy.
Azacitidine access program for Belgian patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. [2018]Azacitidine (Vidaza *) is approved in Europe for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 20-30% bone marrow (BM) blasts, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) with 10-29% BM blasts and no myeloproliferative syndrome (i.e.
Safety and efficacy of azacitidine in Belgian patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukaemia, or chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia: results of a real-life, non-interventional post-marketing survey. [2015]We evaluated azacitidine (Vidaza(®)) safety and efficacy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), in a real-life setting. Treatment response, dose, and schedule were assessed.
Azacitidine in the management of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. [2021]Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoeitic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and potential transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). For decades, the mainstay of treatment for MDS was supportive care, including transfusion of blood products and growth factors. Further understanding of disease biology led to the discovery of a high prevalence of hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in high-risk MDS and secondary leukemias. Hence, the role of irreversible DNA methlytransferase inhibitors such as azacitidine was investigated with promising outcomes in the treatment of MDS. Azacitidine was initially approved in the USA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 for the treatment of all subtypes of MDS and was granted expanded approval in 2009 to reflect new overall survival data demonstrated in the AZA-001 study of patients with higher-risk MDS. Azacitidine has demonstrated significant and clinically meaningful prolongation of survival in higher-risk patients with MDS and has changed the natural history of these disorders. The agent maintains a relatively safe toxicity profile, even in older patients. The role of azacitidine has been explored in the treatment of AML and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and has also been studied in the peritransplant setting. Azacitidine has been combined with other novel agents such as lenalidomide, histone deacetylase inhibitors and growth factors in the hope of achieving improved outcomes. Currently, both intravenous and subcutaneous forms of azacitidine are approved for use in the USA with the oral form being granted fast track status by the FDA.
FDA drug approval summary: azacitidine (5-azacytidine, Vidaza) for injectable suspension. [2013]On May 19, 2004, azacitidine (5-azacytidine; Vidaza(trade mark); Pharmion Corporation, Boulder, CO, http://www.pharmion.com) for injectable suspension received regular approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of all subtypes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This report summarizes the basis for this approval. Effectiveness was demonstrated in one randomized, controlled trial comparing azacitidine administered s.c. with best supportive care (observation group) and in two single-arm studies, one in which azacitidine was administered s.c. and in the other in which it was administered i.v. The dose of azacitidine, 75 mg/m2/day for 7 days every 28 days, was the same in all three studies. In the randomized trial, study participants were well matched with respect to age, sex, race, performance status, MDS subtype, and use of transfusion during the 3 months before study entry. Patients in the observation arm were permitted by protocol to cross over to azacitidine treatment if their disease progressed according to prespecified criteria. During the course of the study, more than half of the patients in the observation arm did cross over to the azacitidine treatment arm. The primary efficacy end point was the overall response rate. Response consisted of complete or partial normalization of blood cell counts and of bone marrow morphology. The response rate in the azacitidine arm was about 16%; there were no responses in the observation arm. The response rates in the two single-arm studies were similar (13% and 19%). The responses were sustained, with median durations of 11 months and 17 months respectively. Responding patients who were transfusion dependent at study entry lost the need for transfusions. In addition, about 19% of patients had less than partial responses (termed improvement), and two-thirds of them became transfusion independent. Common adverse events associated with azacitidine treatment were gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and anorexia), hematologic (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), fevers, rigors, ecchymoses, petechiae, injection site events, arthralgia, headache, and dizziness. Liver function abnormalities occurred in 16% of patients with intercurrent hepatobiliary disorders and in two patients with previously diagnosed liver cirrhosis. Renal failure occurred in patients during sepsis and hypotension. There were no deaths attributed to azacitidine. Azacitidine, the first drug approved by the U.S. FDA for MDS, has a favorable safety profile and provides a clinical benefit of eliminating transfusion dependence and complete or partial normalization of blood counts and bone marrow blast percentages in responding patients.
Impact of performance status and transfusion dependency on outcome of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia treated with azacitidine (PIAZA study). [2019]Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Azacitidine (Vidaza® ) is the standard treatment for patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In the noninterventional study PIAZA, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of azacitidine treatment in 149 patients with higher-risk MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in routine clinical practice.
Combination romidepsin and azacitidine therapy is well tolerated and clinically active in adults with high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. [2022]Azacitidine (AZA) is important in the management of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Romidepsin (ROM) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor which synergises with AZA in vitro. The ROMAZA trial established the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of combined ROM/AZA therapy in patients with AML, as ROM 12 mg/m2 on Days 8 and 15, with AZA 75 mg/m2 administered for 7/28 day cycle. Nine of the 38 (23·7%) patients treated at the MTD were classified as responders by Cycle 6 (best response: complete remission [CR]/incomplete CR n = 7, partial response n = 2). Correlative next-generation sequencing studies demonstrated important insights into therapy resistance.
Azacitidine: a review of its use in the management of myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukaemia. [2022]Azacitidine (Vidaza®) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue of cytidine. This article reviews the clinical efficacy and tolerability of azacitidine in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)/acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), as well as summarizing its pharmacological properties. The randomized, multicentre Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9221 trial compared the efficacy of subcutaneous azacitidine with that of supportive care alone in patients with MDS fulfilling French-American-British (FAB) classification criteria. The overall response rate, the complete response rate and the complete plus partial response rate were significantly higher in patients receiving azacitidine than in those receiving supportive care alone. The randomized, open-label, multicentre AZA-001 trial compared the efficacy of subcutaneous azacitidine with that of conventional care in adults with higher-risk (i.e. International Prognostic Scoring System intermediate-2-risk or high-risk classification) MDS/AML. Prior to randomization, investigators preselected patients to the conventional care strategy considered most appropriate (i.e. best supportive care, low-dose cytarabine or intensive chemotherapy). The median duration of overall survival was significantly prolonged by 9.4 months in patients with higher-risk MDS receiving azacitidine versus those receiving conventional care. The survival benefit seen with azacitidine versus conventional care was maintained across various patient subgroups (e.g. in patients aged ≥75 years, in those who did not achieve complete remission and in patients with WHO-defined AML). The efficacy of subcutaneous or intravenous azacitidine was also shown in a noncomparative trial in Japanese patients with MDS fulfilling FAB classification criteria, and registry programmes in various countries support the efficacy of azacitidine in patients with MDS. Azacitidine was generally well tolerated in patients with MDS, including in the elderly. Across trials, peripheral cytopenias were the most commonly occurring adverse event in azacitidine recipients, with gastrointestinal adverse events (e.g. nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea) and injection-site reactions among the most commonly occurring non-haematological adverse events. In conclusion, azacitidine is an important agent for use in the treatment of patients with MDS/AML.
Phase 1b trial of tagraxofusp in combination with azacitidine with or without venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia. [2023]CD123, a subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor, is expressed on ~80% of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Tagraxofusp (TAG), recombinant interleukin-3 fused to a truncated diphtheria toxin payload, is a first-in-class drug targeting CD123 approved for treatment of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. We previously found that AMLs with acquired resistance to TAG were re-sensitized by the DNA hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA) and that TAG-exposed cells became more dependent on the anti-apoptotic molecule BCL-2. Here, we report a phase 1b study in 56 adults with CD123-positive AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), first combining TAG with AZA in AML/MDS, and subsequently TAG, AZA, and the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) in AML. Adverse events with 3-day TAG dosing were as expected, without indication of increased toxicity of TAG or AZA+/-VEN in combination. The recommended phase 2 dose of TAG was 12 ug/kg/day for 3 days, with 7-day AZA +/- 21-day VEN. In an expansion cohort of 26 patients (median age 71) with previously untreated European LeukemiaNet (ELN) adverse-risk AML (50% TP53 mutated), triplet TAG-AZA-VEN induced response in 69% (n=18/26; 39% CR, 19% CRi, 12% MLFS). Among 13 patients with TP53 mutations, 7/13 (54%) achieved CR/CRi/MLFS (CR=4, CRi=2, MLFS=1). Twelve of 17 (71%) tested responders had no flow measurable residual disease (MRD). Median overall survival and progression-free survival were 14 months (95% CI, 9.5-NA) and 8.5 months (95% CI, 5.1-NA), respectively. In summary, TAG-AZA-VEN shows encouraging safety and activity in high-risk AML, including TP53-mutated disease, supporting further clinical development of TAG combinations.