Diet Impact on Colon Cancer Risk
What You Need to Know Before You Apply
What is the purpose of this trial?
This trial aims to explore how different diets impact colon cancer risk in African American individuals at an elevated risk for colorectal cancer. Participants will follow either a high-taurine and saturated fat diet or a low-taurine and saturated fat diet to assess the effects on markers linked to cancer risk. The trial seeks African American participants who are obese, have had multiple or large colon polyps in the last five years, and have elevated C-reactive protein levels, indicating inflammation. As an unphased trial, this study offers a unique opportunity to contribute to understanding dietary impacts on cancer risk.
Will I have to stop taking my current medications?
The trial does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications, but you cannot participate if you regularly take medications that interfere with digestion, use antibiotics within the past 2 months, or take anticoagulants.
Is there any evidence suggesting that this trial's treatments are likely to be safe?
Research has shown that consuming foods high in taurine and saturated fats might increase the risk of colon cancer. Taurine, often found in animal-based foods, has been linked to a higher chance of developing colon cancer. Saturated fats might also contribute to this risk, especially in individuals genetically prone to the disease. However, some studies have not found a direct connection between dietary fats and cancer risk.
Conversely, diets low in taurine and saturated fats might help reduce the risk of colon cancer. Research suggests that reducing saturated fat intake can lower this risk. Plant-based diets, which contain less animal protein and more fiber, are generally considered safer and may help protect against colon cancer.
In summary, while diets high in taurine and saturated fats may pose some risks, diets low in these components seem better for colon health. Considering these factors is important when thinking about dietary changes.12345Why are researchers excited about this trial?
Researchers are excited about these dietary interventions for colon cancer risk because they focus on the potential impact of taurine and saturated fat levels in our diet, which is a fresh angle compared to traditional treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. The high taurine and saturated fat diet is unique as it provides a higher dose of these components, possibly highlighting their role in cancer development or prevention. On the other hand, the low taurine and saturated fat diet emphasizes plant-based protein and lower fat content, which could showcase the benefits of reduced animal protein and fat intake. These diets offer a non-invasive approach to potentially lowering cancer risk, making them appealing for further exploration.
What evidence suggests that this trial's diets could be effective for reducing colon cancer risk?
This trial will compare the effects of two diets on colon cancer risk. Research has shown that consuming high levels of taurine and saturated fat may increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Such a diet raises certain bile acids in the body, which are linked to a higher cancer risk. Participants in one arm of this trial will follow a high taurine and saturated fat diet to assess these effects. Conversely, reducing taurine and saturated fat intake might lower this risk by decreasing these bile acids in the gut, which may help protect against CRC. Participants in another arm will follow a low taurine and saturated fat diet to evaluate its potential protective effects. Overall, evidence suggests that reducing taurine and saturated fat in the diet might help lower the chances of developing colorectal cancer.13678
Who Is on the Research Team?
Lisa Tussing-Humphreys, PhD, MS, RD
Principal Investigator
University of Illinois at Chicago
Ece Mutlu, MD, MS, MBA
Principal Investigator
Rush University Medical Center
H. Rex Gaskins, PhD
Principal Investigator
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jason Ridlon, PhD
Principal Investigator
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Are You a Good Fit for This Trial?
This trial is for African American adults aged 45-75, who are obese (BMI 30-50), at increased risk for colorectal cancer due to having multiple polyps or a large one in the past five years. They should be generally healthy, post-menopausal if female, and have high C-reactive protein levels. Exclusions include other races, current serious illnesses including heart or kidney disease, recent antibiotic use, and those on diets that affect digestion.Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
Timeline for a Trial Participant
Screening
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial
Diet Intervention
Participants undergo a controlled crossover diet intervention with two isocaloric diets: a high taurine and saturated fat diet and a low taurine and saturated fat diet, each for 3 weeks.
Follow-up
Participants are monitored for changes in colonocyte proliferation, mucosal abundance of bacterial genes, bile acid metabolism, serum bile acids, colonic mucosal inflammation, and DNA damage.
What Are the Treatments Tested in This Trial?
Interventions
- High taurine and saturated fat diet
- Low in taurine and saturated fat diet
Trial Overview
The study compares two diets: one high in taurine and saturated fat (HT-HSAT) versus another low in these components (LT-LSAT). It aims to see how these diets impact gut bacteria metabolism of bile acids and sulfur compounds related to colon cancer risk factors like inflammation and DNA damage.
How Is the Trial Designed?
2
Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
This is a 3-week controlled isocaloric diet containing approximately 7 mg taurine, 36% of calories from fat, 8% of calories from saturated fat, 13% of calories from protein (3:1 plant to animal grams of protein), and 13.5 grams fiber/1000 calories.
This is a 3-week controlled isocaloric diet containing approximately 125 mg taurine, 40% of calories from fat, 15% of calories from saturated fat, 25% of calories from protein (4:1 animal to plant grams of protein), and 11.5 grams fiber/1000 calories.
Find a Clinic Near You
Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?
University of Illinois at Chicago
Lead Sponsor
Rush University Medical Center
Collaborator
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Collaborator
Published Research Related to This Trial
Citations
Effects of taurocholic acid metabolism by gut bacteria
Intake of a high in taurine and saturated fat diet increases liver bile acid secretion and production of taurine conjugated bile acids.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis: Taurine and Its ...
Taurine was shown to significantly increase odds of CRC. It was also significantly associated with being a discriminator for CRC as a diagnostic metabolite.
Diet Modulation of Bacterial Sulfur and Bile Acid ...
Our research is designed to determine mechanistically why consumption of a high red meat and saturated fat diet imparts risk for CRC development and to ...
Diet Impact on Colon Cancer Risk · Info for Participants
Research suggests that a high intake of saturated fat is linked to an increased risk of colon cancer, while reducing saturated fat intake may lower this risk.
Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon ...
Animal-based diet high in taurine increases TCA levels in liver and gut, and results in higher levels of DCA in the gut than the plant-based diet owing to ...
Effects of taurocholic acid metabolism by gut bacteria
The taurine conjugated bile salt taurocholic acid (TCA) may be a key component linking diet and CRC risk [15]. Patients with CRC or adenomas have higher fecal ...
Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
The studies included in this review and meta-analysis revealed that dietary fats and fatty acids had no effects on the risk of CRC.
Diet-microbiome interactions in cancer
In particular, high saturated fat intake promotes obesity, hormonal imbalances, and chronic inflammation, as well as microbiome changes, and has ...
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