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Lamictal vs Trileptal
Introduction
For patients with epilepsy or bipolar disorder, specific medications that can alter the electrical activity in the brain are often used to manage seizures and mood episodes. Lamictal (Lamotrigine) and Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine) are two such drugs frequently prescribed. They each impact different aspects of neuronal activities but both have stabilizing effects on electrically excitable tissues like neurons. Lamictal is primarily known as a sodium channel blocker, which inhibits rapid firing of neurons by reducing their excitability. Meanwhile, Trileptal also acts on voltage-gated sodium channels but has an additional effect on potassium conductance that aids in maintaining balance within the nervous system.
Lamictal vs Trileptal Side By Side
| Attribute | Lamictal | Trileptal |
|---|---|---|
| Brand Name | Lamictal | Trileptal |
| Contraindications | Should not be taken with certain drugs known as CYP450 inducers/inhibitors due to potential drug interactions. | Should not be taken with certain drugs known as CYP450 inducers/inhibitors due to potential drug interactions. |
| Cost | For brand name: around $600 for 60 tablets of 100 mg. Generic: between $8 - $15 for a month's supply. | For brand name: about $380 for 60 tablets of 300 mg. Generic: approximately $.25 – .80 cents per day based on dosages. |
| Generic Name | Lamotrigine | Oxcarbazepine |
| Most Serious Side Effect | Rash or hives, difficulty breathing or swallowing, suicidal thoughts or actions. | Low sodium levels in the body, severe skin reaction, sudden severe back pain indicating kidney stones. |
| Severe Drug Interactions | Certain antibiotics (like rifampin), antifungal medications (like ketoconazole), HIV/AIDS medication (such as ritonavir), seizure medications (like phenytoin). | Similar to Lamictal, including certain antibiotics, antifungal medications, HIV/AIDS medication, and other seizure medications. |
| Typical Dose | Oral dosages range from 25–200 mg/day as monotherapy, and 100-400 mg/day in divided doses as adjunctive therapy. | Initially 300 mg/day, can be increased to 600 mg/day, with a maximum of 2400 mg/day divided into two doses. |
What is Lamictal?
Lamotrigine (the generic name for Lamictal) is an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug that was a significant advancement over the earlier class of anti-seizure medications. First approved by the FDA in 1994, it works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It's typically prescribed to manage seizures and bipolar disorder, helping to delay mood episodes such as depression and mania. Lamictal has minimal interaction with other neurotransmitters, resulting in fewer side effects compared to drugs with broader effects on the nervous system.
On the other hand, Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) is another type of anticonvulsant medication used mainly for treating epilepsy. Its mechanism involves blocking sodium channels thus stabilizing hyper-excited nerve endings and reducing seizures frequency.
Choosing between these two largely depends on your individual health circumstances and how you react to each medication under healthcare professional guidance.
What conditions is Lamictal approved to treat?
Lamictal is approved for the treatment of various types of seizures and mood disorders:
- Epilepsy, including primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and partial-onset seizures
- Bipolar I disorder to delay the time to occurrence of mood episodes in patients treated for acute mood episodes with standard therapy
How does Lamictal help with these illnesses?
Lamictal, or lamotrigine, is a medication primarily used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain to prevent seizures and to delay mood episodes in people with bipolar disorder. Lamictal achieves this by decreasing the release of glutamate - an excitatory neurotransmitter that can cause neurons to fire excessively when present in high amounts. Through reducing glutamate levels, Lamictal helps suppress abnormal electrical activity and maintain a more balanced neurological state.
On the other hand, Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) also treats epilepsy by inhibiting repetitive firing of action potentials in nerve cells via voltage-sensitive sodium channels - essentially calming overactive nerve impulses. While both drugs are effective antiepileptic medications, they differ slightly on their specific mechanism of action within neurons.
What is Trileptal?
Trileptal, with its generic name oxcarbazepine, is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. It works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures and pain. Trileptal was first approved by the FDA in 2000. As it's not a sodium channel blocker like Lamictal (lamotrigine), it does not inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels to stabilize neuronal membranes and prevent repetitive firing. Its different mechanism means that its side-effect profile also varies from that of drugs like Lamictal, particularly in terms of causing fewer skin-related side effects but more electrolyte imbalances (a common issue with Trileptal). The effects on controlling seizures can be beneficial for treating epilepsy, especially for patients who do not respond well to other "typical" seizure medications such as Lamictal.
What conditions is Trileptal approved to treat?
Trileptal is a medication that has been approved by the FDA for managing certain conditions including:
- Partial seizures in adults and children aged 4 years and above
- Tonic-clonic seizures (also known as grand mal seizures) in adults and children aged 6 years and above
- Mixed seizure patterns or other types of seizure disorders.
How does Trileptal help with these illnesses?
Trileptal, or oxcarbazepine as it's also known, is an anticonvulsant medication that works by decreasing nerve impulses that cause seizures. It plays a role in many processes within the body's nervous system and its effects on neurotransmitters help to stabilize erratic electrical activity in the brain, thereby reducing seizure episodes. Unlike Lamictal which has been associated with serious skin rashes, Trileptal presents a lower risk of this side effect making it a preferable choice for certain patients. Its action on sodium channels may be responsible for its effectiveness in managing not only epilepsy but also certain mood disorders such as bipolar disorder where mood stabilisation is crucial. While it doesn't significantly affect serotonin levels like some other medications used for these conditions (such as SSRI antidepressants), Trileptal can still be highly effective and is sometimes prescribed when a patient does not respond well to typical treatments or may even be combined with them.
How effective are both Lamictal and Trileptal?
Both lamotrigine (Lamictal) and oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) have proven efficacy in managing seizures, and they were approved by the FDA within a decade of each other. Since they act on different ion channels, they may be prescribed under different circumstances. The effectiveness of Lamictal and Trileptal in controlling epilepsy was directly studied in several clinical trials; both drugs exhibited similar efficacy in reducing seizure frequency as well as similar safety profiles. In these studies, none of the metrics used to measure efficacy differed significantly between patients receiving Lamictal or those receiving Trileptal.
A 2003 review demonstrated that lamotrigine is effective at reducing seizure frequency from the first week of treatment onward, its side effect profile is generally mild compared to many other antiepileptic drugs, and it's well-tolerated by diverse populations including children and pregnant women. This study also reports that lamotrigine has become one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs worldwide.
In contrast, a 2011 meta-analysis indicated that oxcarbazepine appears more effective than placebo for treating partial-onset seizures but less robust data exists comparing it to other common antiepileptic medications like carbamazepine or phenytoin. Nonetheless, Trileptal is typically considered an important option for people who do not respond well to first-line treatments like valproate or carbamazepine because it has fewer drug-drug interactions due to its unique pharmacokinetics.
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At what dose is Lamictal typically prescribed?
Oral dosages of Lamictal for adults typically range from 25–200 mg/day when used as a monotherapy, and between 100-400 mg/day in divided doses when used as adjunctive therapy. For children, the dosage varies depending on age and weight but generally starts at around 0.15mg/kg to a maximum of roughly 5-15mg/kg. Adjustments can be made after every one to two weeks based on response. The dose is usually increased slowly over several weeks until an effective maintenance dose is reached; this approach helps minimize side effects.
In contrast, Trileptal oral dosages for adults and adolescents above 12 years old initially start at about 300-600 mg/day divided into two doses and could go up to a maximum of approximately 2400 mg/day. Children aged between two to four years may start with a daily dose of around 8–10mg per kg, which can gradually increase over time based upon their body's response towards the treatment. It's crucial not to exceed the prescribed dosage without consulting your healthcare provider.
At what dose is Trileptal typically prescribed?
Trileptal treatment is usually initiated at a dosage of 300 mg/day. The dose can then be increased to 600 mg/day, divided into two doses, separated by a 12-hour interval. If necessary and under medical supervision, the maximum dose could escalate to 2400 mg/day divided into two equal doses of 1200 mg each and spaced evenly apart. This higher dosage may be explored if there's no significant response to the initial treatment after some weeks. As with all medications, it's crucial to follow your healthcare provider's prescribed dosages carefully when taking Trileptal.
What are the most common side effects for Lamictal?
Common side effects of Lamictal (lamotrigine) and Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) can include:
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Sleepiness/drowsiness, insomnia
- Double or blurred vision
- Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain
- Tremors (unintentional trembling or shaking)
- Lack of coordination/balance issues
- Rash, itching skin
- Dry mouth
-Anxiety and nervousness
-Diarrhea or constipation
-Mild nausea
-Vomiting
-Decreased appetite
-Fatigue
Please note that this is not a comprehensive list. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice regarding these medications.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Lamictal?
While both Lamictal and Trileptal are used as mood stabilizers, they each have their own potential side effects. For Lamictal:
- Rash or hives, difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Suicidal thoughts or actions
- Fever, swollen glands
- Severe muscle pain
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- New sensitivity to light
For Trileptal:
- Low sodium levels in the body - nausea, headache, confusion, tiredness (fatigue), loss of appetite feeling weak and unsteady on your feet (instability). -Severe skin reaction - fever, sore throat burning eyes. -Sudden severe back pain with blood in your urine could be a symptom of kidney stones. -Unusual changes in mood or behavior such as restlessness agitation irritability aggressiveness abnormal thoughts of suicide. -Bleeding more easily than normal.
If you experience any of these symptoms while taking either drug it is important to seek immediate medical attention.
What are the most common side effects for Trileptal?
While comparing Lamictal to Trileptal, it's important to note the potential side effects of Trileptal. These may include:
- Dry mouth or throat
- Nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea
- Dizziness, balance problem
- Tiredness
- Rash and itching skin
- Difficulty speaking clearly or slurred speech
- Uncontrolled eye movements
- Changes in mood such as depression or anxiety.
Always remember that everyone’s body reacts differently to medication. While some people might experience few or no side effects with Trileptal, others might be more susceptible. It's crucial to consult your doctor about any concerns regarding these symptoms.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Trileptal?
If you're taking Trileptal, it's important to be aware of the potential for severe side effects. You should contact your doctor immediately if you experience symptoms such as:
- Signs of a serious allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing, swelling in your face or throat
- Increased suicidal thoughts or behaviors
- A sudden onset of seizures (convulsions)
- Unusual changes in mood or behavior that might include confusion
- Vision problems like blurred vision, double vision, eye pain or seeing halos around lights
- Fast heartbeats or feeling like your heart is pounding in your chest; and
- Symptoms indicative of hyponatremia (low sodium): headache, confusion, severe weakness and unsteadiness.
Also watch out for signs suggestive of skin reactions including painful sores in the mouth and around eyes.
Contraindications for Lamictal and Trileptal?
Both Lamictal and Trileptal, along with most other antiepileptic medications, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior in some people. If you notice an increase in suicidal ideation, thoughts, or actions or worsening depression symptoms while taking these medicines, seek immediate medical help.
Neither Lamictal nor Trileptal should be taken if you are currently using certain drugs known as CYP450 inducers/inhibitors due to potential drug interactions that can affect the effectiveness and safety of both drugs. These include certain antibiotics (like rifampin), antifungal medications (like ketoconazole), HIV/AIDS medication (such as ritonavir), seizure medications (like phenytoin) among others. Always inform your physician about any current medications; CYP450 inducers/inhibitors may require a period of adjustment to clear from your system to prevent dangerous interactions with Lamictal and Trileptal.
How much do Lamictal and Trileptal cost?
For the brand name versions of these drugs:
- The price for 60 tablets of Lamictal (100 mg) averages around $600, which works out to approximately $20–$40/day, depending on your dose.
- The price for 60 tablets of Trileptal (300 mg) is about $380, working out to roughly $12.67/day.
Thus, if you are in the higher dosage range for Lamictal (i.e., 200 mg/day or higher), then brand-name Trileptal is less expensive on a per-day treatment basis. However, cost should not be a primary consideration in determining which of these drugs is right for you as they both have different side effect profiles and interactions with other medications.
In terms of generic versions:
- Generic lamotrigine (the active ingredient in Lamictal) costs significantly less than its branded counterpart. Depending on the pharmacy and any insurance coverage you may have, a month's supply costs between $8 - $15 meaning it could be as low as about $.27 - $.50 per day.
- Similarly, oxcarbazepine (the generic form of Trileptal) also has lower associated costs ranging from approximately $.25 – .80 cents per day based on dosages ranging from 300mg up to 900mg daily.
Keep in mind that while generics are usually cheaper than their brand-name counterparts; prices can vary widely depending upon location and specific pharmacies.
Popularity of Lamictal and Trileptal
Lamotrigine, available under the brand name Lamictal, was prescribed to approximately 3.8 million people in the United States in 2020. It is a commonly used mood stabilizer and anti-epileptic drug (AED), accounting for nearly 11% of AED prescriptions in the US. Since its introduction in the early nineties, lamotrigine has gained popularity due to its efficacy and relatively low side effect profile.
Oxcarbazepine, sold as Trileptal among other brands, had around 1.6 million prescriptions filled during that same year. Accounting for just under 5% of AED prescriptions across America, oxcarbazepine is primarily used to treat epilepsy but can also be utilized off-label for certain mood disorders or neuropathic pain conditions. Despite being less prescribed overall compared with lamotrigine, it offers an alternative mechanism of action which may benefit patients who do not respond effectively to other treatments.
Conclusion
Both Lamictal (lamotrigine) and Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) have a long history of use in patients with epilepsy, and are supported by multiple clinical studies demonstrating their effectiveness over placebo treatments. They might be used together in some instances, but this necessitates careful consideration from a medical professional due to potential interactions. The two medications work differently: Lamictal acts on voltage-sensitive sodium channels inhibiting glutamate release, while Trileptal works by blocking voltage-sensitive sodium channels stabilizing hyper-excited neural membranes.
Lamictal is often considered a first-line treatment for partial and generalized seizures whereas Trileptal is generally used as an alternative option or added onto primary therapy for partial seizures when other drugs fail or if the patient requires avoidance of certain side effects associated with first-line antiepileptic drugs.
Both medicines are available in generic forms which can save notable costs for those paying out-of-pocket. Patients may need to adjust gradually to both Lamictal and Trileptal, meaning that full effects may not become apparent immediately.
The side effect profiles of these two drugs are comparable; they're typically well-tolerated but can cause dizziness, double vision, fatigue among others. However, Lamictal carries a risk of serious skin rashes including Stevens-Johnson syndrome. For both medications, patients must closely monitor their health status particularly when initiating therapy or having dosage adjustments and should seek medical help promptly if they notice worsening seizure control or unusual mood changes.
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Refrences
- Bhagwagar, Z., & Goodwin, G. M. (2005, July). Lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. Informa Healthcare.http://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.6.8.1401
- Malik, S., Arif, H., & Hirsch, L. J. (2006, November). Lamotrigine and its applications in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. Informa UK Limited.http://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.6.11.1609
- Reid, J. G., Gitlin, M. J., & Altshuler, L. L. (2013, July 15). Lamotrigine in Psychiatric Disorders. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.http://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.12r08046
- Flesch, G. (2004). Overview of the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Oxcarbazepine. Clinical Drug Investigation. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.http://doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200424040-00001
- Ji, L., Chen, Y., Mao, Z., Chen, R., Zhang, J., Tan, B., & Meng, L. (2021, April). Efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine in the treatment of focal epilepsy among children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Translational Pediatrics. AME Publishing Company.http://doi.org/10.21037/tp-20-379
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