Entrectinib + ASTX727 for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Recruiting in Palo Alto (17 mi)
Age: 18+
Sex: Any
Travel: May be covered
Time Reimbursement: Varies
Trial Phase: Phase 1
Recruiting
Sponsor: OHSU Knight Cancer Institute
No Placebo Group
Breakthrough Therapy
Trial Summary
What is the purpose of this trial?This trial tests a combination of two medications for patients with a tough-to-treat type of leukemia. One drug stops cancer cells from growing, while the other helps make healthy blood cells and kills bad ones. The goal is to find the best dose and see if this combination is safe and effective.
What safety data exists for Entrectinib + ASTX727 in treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia?The safety data for ASTX727, a combination of decitabine and cedazuridine, shows that it has been evaluated in clinical trials for myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. In a phase 2 study, the most common grade ≥3 adverse events were neutropenia (46%), thrombocytopenia (38%), and febrile neutropenia (29%). The study found that oral cedazuridine/decitabine produced similar systemic decitabine exposure, DNA demethylation, and safety compared to IV decitabine. However, there is no specific safety data available for the combination of Entrectinib with ASTX727 in the provided research.34578
Is the drug Cedazuridine, Decitabine, Entrectinib a promising treatment for acute myeloid leukemia?The drug Cedazuridine, Decitabine, Entrectinib is promising because it combines different agents that target specific aspects of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This approach is part of a trend in developing new treatments that are more effective by focusing on the unique characteristics of the disease. Although the specific combination of Cedazuridine, Decitabine, and Entrectinib is not directly mentioned in the research articles, the use of similar targeted therapies has shown positive results in treating AML, suggesting potential benefits.2691112
What data supports the idea that Entrectinib + ASTX727 for Acute Myeloid Leukemia is an effective treatment?The available research does not provide specific data on the effectiveness of Entrectinib + ASTX727 for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Instead, it discusses other treatments like venetoclax, glasdegib, and enasidenib, which have shown effectiveness in certain patient groups with AML. For example, venetoclax combined with low-dose cytarabine is effective in older patients, and enasidenib has improved outcomes in patients with specific genetic mutations. However, there is no direct comparison or data available for Entrectinib + ASTX727 in the context of AML.1261012
Do I have to stop taking my current medications for this trial?The trial protocol does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications. However, if you have taken an investigational agent recently, you must wait for a specific period before starting the trial. It's best to discuss your current medications with the trial team.
Eligibility Criteria
Adults with relapsed/refractory AML and a TP53 mutation can join this trial. They must understand the study, be able to take oral meds, have decent organ function, and use contraception. Excluded are those with certain leukemia types, active infections like HIV or hepatitis B/C, uncontrolled diseases, recent investigational drugs usage or conditions affecting drug absorption.Inclusion Criteria
My kidney function is within the required range.
My AML has a confirmed TP53 mutation.
My AML has returned or didn't respond to treatment, with at least 20% cancer cells in my blood or bone marrow.
I can take care of myself but might not be able to do heavy physical work.
I am 18 years old or older.
I can take medicine by mouth.
Exclusion Criteria
I haven't taken any experimental drugs recently or still have side effects from one.
I do not have a history of conditions like short gut syndrome that affect medication absorption.
I do not have any severe heart problems or other serious illnesses that are not under control.
I have a blood clotting disorder with active bleeding or signs of clotting.
I have been diagnosed with a specific type of leukemia called M3.
I have AML affecting my blood or bone marrow.
My acute myeloid leukemia has spread to my brain or spinal cord.
I do not have active HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C.
Participant Groups
The trial is testing entrectinib combined with ASTX727 (cedazuridine plus decitabine) for safety and effectiveness in AML patients. Entrectinib blocks cancer cell growth signals; cedazuridine increases decitabine's availability which helps produce normal blood cells and kills abnormal ones.
1Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Group I: Treatment (ASTX727, entrectinib)Experimental Treatment3 Interventions
Patients receive entrectinib PO QD on days 1-28 and ASTX727 PO QD on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Cedazuridine is already approved in United States for the following indications:
🇺🇸 Approved in United States as ASTX727 for:
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Find A Clinic Near You
Research locations nearbySelect from list below to view details:
OHSU Knight Cancer InstitutePortland, OR
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Who is running the clinical trial?
OHSU Knight Cancer InstituteLead Sponsor
Genentech, Inc.Industry Sponsor
Taiho Oncology, Inc.Industry Sponsor
Taiho OncologyCollaborator
Oregon Health and Science UniversityCollaborator
References
Phase I study of decitabine alone or in combination with valproic acid in acute myeloid leukemia. [2019]To determine an optimal biologic dose (OBD) of decitabine as a single agent and then the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of valproic acid (VA) combined with decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Emerging therapies for acute myeloid leukemia. [2023]Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by clinical and biological heterogeneity. Despite the advances in our understanding of its pathobiology, the chemotherapy-directed management has remained largely unchanged in the past 40 years. However, various novel agents have demonstrated clinical activity, either as single agents (e.g., isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors, vadastuximab) or in combination with standard induction/consolidation at diagnosis and with salvage regimens at relapse. The classes of agents described in this review include novel cytotoxic chemotherapies (CPX-351 and vosaroxin), epigenetic modifiers (guadecitabine, IDH inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors), FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 (FLT3) inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates (vadastuximab), as well as cell cycle inhibitors (volasertib), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitors, and aminopeptidase inhibitors. These agents are actively undergoing clinical investigation alone or in combination with available chemotherapy.
[Clinical Efficacy of Decitabine Combined with or without Cytarabine-based Low Dose Regimen for Senile patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia]. [2019]To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness and side effects of decitabine combined with or without cytarabine-based low dose regimen for acute myeloid leukemia in geratic patients.
Cladribine and low-dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine as front-line therapy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a phase 2 single-arm trial. [2019]Front-line therapy for elderly or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory with poor outcomes and excessive toxicity. We studied a new low-intensity regimen of cladribine combined with low-dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine, aimed at improving outcomes in this population. Based on our previous experience, we hypothesised that this combination would be safe and more effective than current approaches with hypomethylating agents.
Glasdegib for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia or high-grade myelodysplastic syndrome who are elderly or otherwise unfit for standard induction chemotherapy. [2019]On November 21, 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved glasdegib in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC), for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients > 75 years old or who have comorbidities that would be prohibitive of intensive induction chemotherapy. Glasdegib is a small-molecule inhibitor of a component of the hedgehog (HH) pathway, an upregulated pathway in leukemia and leukemia stem cells that is associated with relapse, drug resistance and poor survival. Preclinical studies suggested that glasdegib could sensitize AML cells to chemotherapy. FDA approval was based on a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II trial in elderly or infirmed adults with new AML, unable to receive intensive induction chemotherapy, in whom the addition of glasdegib to LDAC nearly doubled the median overall survival compared with LDAC alone. In this report, we examine the preclinical development of glasdegib, its pharmacology and the clinical investigation that demonstrated its safety and efficacy, resulting in its approval. Additionally, we highlight ongoing investigation and future applications of this therapy.
Single-agent and combination biologics in acute myeloid leukemia. [2022]Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by recurrent genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic abnormalities. As a result of our increasing knowledge of the underlying biology of AML leading to rational drug development, several new targeted agents have been recently added to our therapeutic arsenal. The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) or hypomethylating agents (HMAs) is safe and effective in older patients with newly diagnosed AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Glasdegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, may be used in combination with LDAC for the same indication and improves survival compared with LDAC alone. In newly diagnosed, fit, older patients with therapy-related AML or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, the liposome-encapsulated combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine (CPX-351) has shown superiority over the 7 + 3 regimen. The presence of an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation can be effectively targeted by ivosidenib or enasidenib, respectively. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin improves event-free survival in CD33+ patients with favorable or intermediate-risk cytogenetics. With new targeted agents available, comprehensive genomic characterization of AML at diagnosis and relapse is increasingly necessary to select optimal treatment. Herein, we review the new single-agent and combination biologics (omitting FLT3 inhibitors, which are discussed separately) and provide recommendations on how to best use and manage patients on these regimens in clinical practice.
Oral cedazuridine/decitabine for MDS and CMML: a phase 2 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic randomized crossover study. [2021]This phase 2 study was designed to compare systemic decitabine exposure, demethylation activity, and safety in the first 2 cycles with cedazuridine 100 mg/decitabine 35 mg vs standard decitabine 20 mg/m2 IV. Adults with International Prognostic Scoring System intermediate-1/2- or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) were randomized 1:1 to receive oral cedazuridine/decitabine or IV decitabine in cycle 1, followed by crossover to the other treatment in cycle 2. All patients received oral cedazuridine/decitabine in subsequent cycles. Cedazuridine and decitabine were given initially as separate capsules in a dose-confirmation stage and then as a single fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet. Primary end points: mean decitabine systemic exposure (geometric least-squares mean [LSM]) of oral/IV 5-day area under curve from time 0 to last measurable concentration (AUClast), percentage long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1) DNA demethylation for oral cedazuridine/decitabine vs IV decitabine, and clinical response. Eighty patients were randomized and treated. Oral/IV ratios of geometric LSM 5-day AUClast (80% confidence interval) were 93.5% (82.1-106.5) and 97.6% (80.5-118.3) for the dose-confirmation and FDC stages, respectively. Differences in mean %LINE-1 demethylation between oral and IV were ≤1%. Clinical responses were observed in 48 patients (60%), including 17 (21%) with complete response. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events regardless of causality were neutropenia (46%), thrombocytopenia (38%), and febrile neutropenia (29%). Oral cedazuridine/decitabine (100/35 mg) produced similar systemic decitabine exposure, DNA demethylation, and safety vs decitabine 20 mg/m2 IV in the first 2 cycles, with similar efficacy. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02103478.
The path to approval for oral hypomethylating agents in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. [2022]Two oral hypomethylating agents, oral azacitidine (CC-486) and decitabine/cedazuridine (ASTX727), have recently entered the clinical domain. CC-486 has been shown to improve overall survival as maintenance therapy for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission, whereas the combination of decitabine with cedazuridine, a cytidine deaminase inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with intermediate-1, or higher, International Prognostic Scoring System risk. This article briefly summarizes the clinical development of both drugs, the pivotal studies that led to their approval and some of the issues faced in extending the use of these drugs to other indications.
What to use to treat AML: the role of emerging therapies. [2022]The development and approval of novel substances have resulted in substantial improvements in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the current era of novel treatment options, genetic and molecular testing at the time of diagnosis and relapse becomes increasingly relevant. Midostaurin in combination with intensive chemotherapy is the standard of care as upfront therapy in younger AML patients with mutated fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). Gilteritinib, a second- generation FLT3 inhibitor, represents a key drug for relapsed/refractory (R/R) FLT3-mutated AML patients. Targeted therapy has also been developed for patients with mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ivosidenib as a monotherapy for newly diagnosed older adult IDH1-mutated patients and enasidenib for R/R IDH2-mutated AML patients. CPX-351, a liposomal formulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine, has become an important upfront treatment strategy for fit patients with therapy-related AML or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes that are generally challenging to treat. The antibody drug conjugate gemtuzumab ozogamicin was approved in combination with intensive therapy for patients with newly diagnosed (FDA/European Medicines Agency [EMA]) as well as R/R CD33+ AML. The combination of venetoclax, an oral selective B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 inhibitor, with hypomethylating agents or low-dose AraC (LDAC) has changed the treatment landscape and prognosis for older adult patients very favorably. The addition of glasdegib, a small-molecule hedgehog inhibitor, to LDAC is another example of novel options in older patients. Further substances have shown promising results in early clinical trials.
Enasidenib vs conventional care in older patients with late-stage mutant-IDH2 relapsed/refractory AML: a randomized phase 3 trial. [2023]This open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial (NCT02577406) compared enasidenib, an oral IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 2) inhibitor, with conventional care regimens (CCRs) in patients aged ≥60 years with late-stage, mutant-IDH2 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapsed/refractory (R/R) to 2 or 3 prior AML-directed therapies. Patients were first preselected to a CCR (azacitidine, intermediate-dose cytarabine, low-dose cytarabine, or supportive care) and then randomized (1:1) to enasidenib 100 mg per day or CCR. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included event-free survival (EFS), time to treatment failure (TTF), overall response rate (ORR), hematologic improvement (HI), and transfusion independence (TI). Overall, 319 patients were randomized to enasidenib (n = 158) or CCR (n = 161). The median age was 71 years, median (range) enasidenib exposure was 142 days (3 to 1270), and CCR was 36 days (1 to 1166). One enasidenib (0.6%) and 20 CCR (12%) patients received no randomized treatment, and 30% and 43%, respectively, received subsequent AML-directed therapies during follow-up. The median OS with enasidenib vs CCR was 6.5 vs 6.2 months (HR [hazard ratio], 0.86; P = .23); 1-year survival was 37.5% vs 26.1%. Enasidenib meaningfully improved EFS (median, 4.9 vs 2.6 months with CCR; HR, 0.68; P = .008), TTF (median, 4.9 vs 1.9 months; HR, 0.53; P
Update on glasdegib in acute myeloid leukemia - broadening horizons of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors. [2023]Numerous new emerging therapies, including oral targeted chemotherapies, have recently entered the therapeutic arsenal against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The significant shift toward the use of these novel therapeutics, administered either alone or in combination with intensive or low-intensity chemotherapy, changes the prospects for the control of this disease, especially for elderly patients. Glasdegib, an oral Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, showed satisfactory response rates associated with moderate toxicity and less early mortality than standard induction regimens in this population. It was approved in November 2018 by the FDA and in June 2020 by the EMA for use in combination with low-dose cytarabine as a treatment of newly-diagnosed AML in patients aged ≥ 75 and/or unfit for intensive induction chemotherapy. The current paper proposes an extensive, up-to-date review of the preclinical and clinical development of glasdegib. Elements of its routine clinical use and the landscape of ongoing clinical trials are also stated.
Entospletinib with decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia with mutant TP53 or complex karyotype: A phase 2 substudy of the Beat AML Master Trial. [2023]Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who have tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations or a complex karyotype have a poor prognosis, and hypomethylating agents are often used. The authors evaluated the efficacy of entospletinib, an oral inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase, combined with decitabine in this patient population.