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Olopatadine vs Zaditor
Introduction
For patients suffering from allergic conjunctivitis or other eye allergy symptoms, specific medications that hinder the action of histamine - a compound linked to inflammation and itching - can help in mitigating discomfort and controlling symptoms. Olopatadine and Zaditor (Ketotifen) are two such drugs frequently prescribed for these conditions. Each of them inhibits different pathways related to the inflammatory response but both have effects that reduce eye allergies' symptoms.
Olopatadine is an antihistamine as well as a mast cell stabilizer, which means it prevents cells from releasing substances that cause allergic reactions while also blocking histamines directly. On the flip side, Zaditor is classified as a non-competitive histamine antagonist with mast cell-stabilizing properties; it works by preventing the release or activity of histamines thus reducing inflammation, redness, and itching.
Olopatadine vs Zaditor Side By Side
| Attribute | Patanol pataday | Zaditor |
|---|---|---|
| Brand Name | Patanol/Pataday | Zaditor |
| Contraindications | Should not be used if wearing contact lenses, may exacerbate symptoms of dry eyes | Should not be used if wearing contact lenses, may exacerbate symptoms of dry eyes |
| Cost | Approximately $19 for a 5 ml bottle of Pataday; Generic olopatadine hcl ranges from approximately $16–$18 for a 2.5 mL dropper bottle | About $15 for a 5 ml bottle; Generic Ketotifen Fumarate Eye Drops typically costs around $10 - $12 for a 5 mL bottle |
| Generic Name | Olopatadine | Ketotifen |
| Most Serious Side Effect | Eye irritation or unusual discomfort, abnormal changes in vision, severe reactions at the site of application, rapid heartbeat | Signs of an allergic reaction such as hives, itching, fever, swollen glands or difficulty breathing |
| Severe Drug Interactions | Not specifically mentioned, but always consult with a healthcare provider | Not specifically mentioned, but always consult with a healthcare provider |
| Typical Dose | 1-2 drops in each affected eye twice a day, with about 6-8 hours between doses | One drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily, every 8 to 12 hours |
What is Olopatadine?
Olopatadine (marketed under the brand name Patanol among others) was a significant advancement in the class of drugs known as antihistamines, which are commonly used to reduce allergic symptoms. It was first approved by the FDA in 1996. Olopatadine functions by inhibiting histamine, a substance that our body produces during an allergic reaction, thereby reducing symptoms like itching and redness in the eyes. The drug is frequently prescribed for treating allergic conjunctivitis.
On the other hand, Zaditor (also known as Ketotifen) is another widely-used over-the-counter antihistamine eye drop. Like Olopatadine, it helps to alleviate eye itchiness and redness caused by allergies but also has some mast cell stabilizing properties.
Though both drugs have similar effects on histamine activities, Olopatadine exhibits dual-action: not only does it act as an antihistamine but also works as a mast cell stabilizer giving it a slight edge over Zaditor due to its enhanced effectiveness against allergy-related ocular discomforts.
What conditions is Olopatadine approved to treat?
Olopatadine is approved for the treatment of various ocular conditions:
- Allergic conjunctivitis, which is inflammation of the eye due to allergies
- Ocular itching caused by seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
- Prevention of itching associated with allergic pink eye
How does Olopatadine help with these illnesses?
Olopatadine helps to manage symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis by blocking the action of histamine, a chemical in your body that becomes elevated during an allergic reaction. It does this by acting as an antagonist at the H1 histamine receptor, preventing it from causing inflammation and itching. Histamine is a compound which is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, resulting in expanding blood vessels and increased permeability. It's thought that individuals with allergies have relatively higher levels of histamine when exposed to allergens such as pollen or pet dander. Therefore, by decreasing the effect of histamine, Olopatadine can limit the negative effects of allergies and aid patients manage their condition more effectively while providing relief from redness and itching.
What is Zaditor?
Zaditor is a brand name for ketotifen, which is a potent second-generation noncompetitive H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. This means that it blocks the release of histamines from certain cells in the body (mast cells) thereby preventing allergic reactions. It also prevents these cells from releasing other allergy-inducing chemicals. Zaditor was first approved by the FDA in 1999 for use as an over-the-counter drug to prevent itching of the eye caused by allergies.
As ketotifen does not have anticholinergic properties, its side-effect profile differs considerably from those antihistamines that do possess such activity; specifically, it doesn't cause drowsiness or performance decrement. Its ability to stabilize mast cells means it can provide benefits beyond just symptom relief - potentially preventing allergic reactions before they even start.
This makes Zaditor particularly beneficial for those with severe allergies who don't respond sufficiently to standard antihistamine treatments, or where prevention of symptoms rather than just treatment is preferred.
What conditions is Zaditor approved to treat?
Zaditor, also known as ketotifen, is an over-the-counter eye drop approved for the treatment of:
- Allergic conjunctivitis, which is an inflammation of the white part of the eye or inner eyelid caused by allergies
- It can help relieve symptoms such as redness and itching in eyes due to allergens like pollen or animal dander.
How does Zaditor help with these illnesses?
Histamine is a chemical that your body produces during an allergic reaction. It leads to inflammation and other symptoms associated with allergies. Zaditor, also known as Ketotifen, works by stabilizing mast cells and preventing them from releasing histamine, thereby reducing the allergic response. Its action on various inflammatory mediators may also play roles in its efficacy as an antihistamine eye drop. Since it does not significantly affect leukotriene levels like Olopatadine does, it might be prescribed when a patient has less severe or intermittent allergy symptoms. However, in cases where patients experience more severe or chronic eye allergies, they may benefit from the additional effects of Olopatadine which also inhibits the release of leukotrienes - another group of substances involved in allergic reactions.
How effective are both Olopatadine and Zaditor?
Both olopatadine (Patanol) and ketotifen fumarate (Zaditor) are highly effective antihistamines used for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, and they have both received FDA approval within just one year apart from each other. Since they act on different histamine receptors, these drugs may be prescribed under varying circumstances depending upon the patient's specific needs. The effectiveness of olopatadine and ketotifen in alleviating symptoms related to allergies was directly studied in a double-blind clinical trial in 1998; both drugs exhibited similar efficacy in managing symptoms like itching, redness and tearing along with promising safety profiles.
A 2004 review showed that olopatadine is an effective treatment from the first day of use with a favorable side effect profile over many other eye drops available for allergy relief. It is well-tolerated among all age groups including children as young as three years old due to its minimal systemic absorption which reduces potential adverse effects. Owing to its dual action mechanism - antihistaminic activity coupled with mast cell stabilizing property - olopatadine has become widely preferred by healthcare professionals around the globe.
However, a meta-analysis done in 2016 indicated that while Zaditor appears to be more effective than placebo at treating allergic conjunctivitis symptoms, it holds similar efficacy compared to other common antihistamines like Patanol when used alone or co-prescribed alongside another medication such as artificial tears. Although some studies suggest that Zaditor might slightly enhance symptom relief when combined with other treatments for severe cases, robust data supporting this combination therapy remains generally lacking. Nonetheless, due to its unique pharmacology offering immediate symptom relief along with long lasting protection against allergens because of mast cell stabilization property without causing any significant ocular or systemic side-effects makes it an optimal choice for patients who did not respond well or have particular need to avoid common side effects associated with older generation eye drops such as dry eyes or blurred vision.
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At what dose is Olopatadine typically prescribed?
For treating itchy or red eyes caused by allergies
Dosages of Olopatadine range from 1-2 drops in each affected eye twice a day, with about 6-8 hours between doses. For Zaditor, adults and children aged three years and older should use one drop in each affected eye every 8 to 12 hours. The dosages can be adjusted based on the severity of the symptoms but do not exceed more than two times per day for either medication. Always consult your doctor before altering your dosage.
At what dose is Zaditor typically prescribed?
Zaditor treatment typically begins with one drop in the affected eye(s) twice daily, every 8 to 12 hours. If after a few days there is no response or an inadequate response to treatment, you may want to consult your healthcare provider for guidance. They might advise increasing the frequency of use but remember not to exceed more than two drops into each eye within a day unless specifically instructed by your doctor. As always, it's crucial that patients follow their healthcare professional's instructions regarding dosage and administration for optimal results and minimal adverse effects.
What are the most common side effects for Olopatadine?
Common side effects of Olopatadine include:
- Mild eye discomfort
- Blurred vision
- Feeling like something is in your eye
- Puffy eyelids
On the other hand, Zaditor (Ketotifen) might cause:
- Mild burning, stinging, or eye irritation
- Dryness of the eyes
- Increased sensitivity to light
It's important to note that these medications are generally well tolerated and serious side effects are uncommon. However, if you experience any severe reactions such as itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, or trouble breathing while using either medication, get medical help right away.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Olopatadine?
While Olopatadine and Zaditor (ketotifen) are both effective antihistamines often used to alleviate eye allergy symptoms, there can be some differences in potential side effects. With regard to Olopatadine:
- Eye irritation or unusual discomfort: This may present as burning or stinging of the eyes after application.
- Abnormal changes in vision: blurred vision, tunnel vision, and seeing halos around lights could occur.
- Severe reactions at the site of application: redness, swelling, severe discomfort or pain.
- Rapid heartbeat: Although rare with ophthalmic use, it's important to monitor for any cardiovascular irregularities such as palpitations.
In contrast with Zaditor:
- Signs of an allergic reaction include hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat that require immediate medical attention.
- Mild eye irritations such as burning and stinging
- Headaches might occur but generally subside quickly Remember these are not exhaustive lists. If you experience unlisted symptoms that concern you while using either medication – whether similar to those mentioned above or otherwise – consult your healthcare provider immediately.
What are the most common side effects for Zaditor?
With Zaditor, you may experience some of the following potential side effects:
- Mild eye irritation or discomfort
- Dryness or redness of the eyes
- Blurred vision
- Puffy eyelids
- A feeling that something is in your eye
- Unusual taste in your mouth after using the drops.
Please note these are possible side effects and do not occur for everyone. If any of these symptoms persist or worsen, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider immediately.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Zaditor?
While Zaditor is generally well-tolerated, you should monitor for potential severe reactions. Symptoms that might indicate a more serious response to this medication can include:
- Signs of an allergic reaction such as hives, itching, fever, swollen glands or difficulty breathing
- Swelling in your face or throat
- Burning sensation in the eyes or skin pain
- Redness of the eye and eyelid irritation beyond normal level
- Changes in vision including blurriness and seeing halos around lights
- Unusual changes in mood or behavior
If any of these symptoms occur after using Zaditor, it's important to cease use immediately and consult with your healthcare provider promptly.
Contraindications for Olopatadine and Zaditor?
Both Olopatadine and Zaditor, along with most other antihistamine eye drops, may exacerbate symptoms of dry eyes in some individuals. If you notice your condition worsening or an increase in redness, irritation, or discomfort after using these medications please seek immediate medical attention.
Neither Olopatadine nor Zaditor should be used if you are wearing contact lenses. Always tell your physician which type of contact lens solution you are using; certain types may require a period of about 10 minutes to clear from the lenses to prevent harmful interactions with Olopatadine and Zaditor. Also, it's worth noting that both drugs can cause temporary blurred vision after application so ensure safety during activities such as driving.
How much do Olopatadine and Zaditor cost?
For the brand-name versions of these eye drops:
- The price of a 5 ml bottle of Pataday (Olopatadine) averages around $19, which works out to approximately $0.63 per day if used once daily as directed.
- The price for a 5 ml bottle of Zaditor is about $15, working out to roughly $0.50 per day when used twice daily as instructed.
Thus, on a per-day treatment basis, brand-name Zaditor tends to be less expensive than Olopatadine (Pataday). However, cost should not be your primary consideration in determining which drug is right for you.
As for their generic counterparts:
-
Generic olopatadine hcl (eye drops: 0.2%) can range from approximately $16–$18 for a 2.5 mL dropper bottle depending on the pharmacy and location—translating into an estimated cost between $1-$1.20 /day based on recommended usage.
-
Ketotifen Fumarate Eye Drops (generic name for Zaditor), typically costs around $10 - $12 for a 5 mL bottle—which translates into roughly $.33-.40/day when used two times daily as directed by healthcare professionals.
It's important to note that prices may vary significantly depending upon insurance coverage and individual pharmacies or locations.
Popularity of Olopatadine and Zaditor
Olopatadine, available in both generic form and brand names like Patanol, was estimated to have been prescribed to about 1.2 million people in the U.S. in 2020. Olopatadine accounted for approximately 5% of antihistamine eye drop prescriptions in the US. It is a second-generation antihistamine that does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier as much as first-generation drugs do, thus resulting in fewer side effects such as drowsiness.
Zaditor or Ketotifen Fumarate was prescribed to roughly 2 million people in America within the same year. In the U.S., Zaditor accounts for nearly 10% of all antihistamine eye drop prescriptions and stands out due to its dual-action mechanism — acting not only as an antihistamine but also inhibiting certain inflammatory responses (like those from mast cells). The prevalence of Zaditor has remained consistent over recent years showing a steady preference among patients seeking relief from allergy-related ocular symptoms.
Conclusion
Both Olopatadine and Zaditor (ketotifen) have a long history of use in treating allergic conjunctivitis, with numerous clinical studies supporting their effectiveness over placebo treatments. Both drugs work as mast cell stabilizers and antihistamines to reduce inflammation and prevent the release of histamine that causes allergy symptoms. However, they may occasionally be used together under careful consideration by an ophthalmologist due to potential drug interactions.
Olopatadine is considered a first-line treatment option for its dual action mechanism—both preventing the release of histamine from mast cells and blocking histamine at receptors—and it tends to be prescribed when patients are suffering from severe or chronic cases of allergic conjunctivitis. On the other hand, Zaditor would usually be considered as adjunctive therapy to olopatadine, or in patients who did not respond well to first-line antihistamines or have a particular need for over-the-counter solutions.
Both medications are available in generic form representing significant cost savings especially for those who must pay out-of-pocket. Both Olopatadine and Zaditor may require some time before their effects become noticeable.
The side effect profile is similar between these two eye drops; both being generally well-tolerated but with olopatidine having fewer reported side effects such as eye irritation than Zaditor. Patients must monitor their symptoms closely when starting treatment and should seek medical help immediately if they notice worsening eye redness, swelling or discomfort.
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Refrences
- Ganz, M., Koll, E., Gausche, J., Detjen, P., & Orfan, N. (2003, March). Ketotifen fumarate and olopatadine hydrochloride in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis: A real-world comparison of efficacy and ocular comfort. Advances in Therapy. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.http://doi.org/10.1007/bf02850255
- Rosenwasser, L. J., O’Brien, T., & Weyne, J. (2005, August 3). Mast cell stabilization and anti-histamine effects of olopatadine ophthalmic solution: a review of pre-clinical and clinical research. Current Medical Research and Opinion. Informa Healthcare.http://doi.org/10.1185/030079905x56547
- Yaylali, V., Demirlenk, I., Tatlipinar, S., Özbay, D., Esme, A., Yildirim, C., & Özden, S. (2003, July 11). Comparative study of 0.1% olopatadine hydrochloride and 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. Wiley.http://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0420.2003.00079.x
- Brodsky, M., Berger, W. E., Butrus, S., Epstein, A. B., & Irkec, M. (2003, April). Evaluation of Comfort Using Olopatadine Hydrochloride 0.1% Ophthalmic Solution in the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Contact Lens Wearers Compared to Placebo Using the Conjunctival Allergen-Challenge Model. Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).http://doi.org/10.1097/01.icl.0000063576.32087.f7
- Gonzalez-Estrada, A., Reddy, K., Dimov, V., & Eidelman, F. (2017, July 9). Olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. Informa UK Limited.http://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2017.1346085
- Avunduk, A. M., Tekelioglu, Y., Turk, A., & Akyol, N. (2005, September). Comparison of the effects of ketotifen fumarate 0.025% and olopatadine HCl 0.1% ophthalmic solutions in seasonal allergic conjunctivities: A 30-day, randomized, double-masked, artificial tear substitute-controlled trial. Clinical Therapeutics. Elsevier BV.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.09.013
- Avunduk, A. M., Tekelioglu, Y., Turk, A., & Akyol, N. (2005, September). Comparison of the effects of ketotifen fumarate 0.025% and olopatadine HCl 0.1% ophthalmic solutions in seasonal allergic conjunctivities: A 30-day, randomized, double-masked, artificial tear substitute-controlled trial. Clinical Therapeutics. Elsevier BV.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.09.013