Linoleic Acid-Rich Oil for Sarcopenia
Recruiting in Palo Alto (17 mi)
Age: 65+
Sex: Any
Travel: May Be Covered
Time Reimbursement: Varies
Trial Phase: Academic
Recruiting
Sponsor: Ohio State University
Must not be taking: Blood thinners, Weight loss meds
Disqualifiers: Gastrointestinal diseases, Heart disease, Cancer, others
Trial Summary
What is the purpose of this trial?The proposed research is a parallel arm, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to assess changes in muscle strength, volume, fatigue resistance, and mobility in older adults after daily consumption of 12g of linoleic acid-rich oil.
Will I have to stop taking my current medications?
The trial requires that you stop using supplements or medications for weight loss and blood thinner medications. If you are taking these, you will need to stop before participating.
What data supports the effectiveness of the treatment High Linoleic Acid Foods, High Oleic Acid Foods for sarcopenia?
Research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, which are similar to linoleic acid, can help improve muscle strength and function in older adults, potentially benefiting those with sarcopenia. Additionally, linolenic acid, a type of omega-3, has shown promise in improving muscle health in animal studies.
12345Is linoleic acid-rich oil safe for humans?
The research does not provide specific safety data for linoleic acid-rich oil in humans, but omega-3 fatty acids, which are similar, are generally considered safe and have been studied for their benefits in muscle health.
12356How does the treatment of high linoleic acid foods differ from other treatments for sarcopenia?
The treatment using high linoleic acid foods is unique because it focuses on dietary intake of specific fatty acids, which may help improve muscle health by promoting mitophagy (the process of cleaning out damaged mitochondria) and reducing oxidative stress. This approach is different from other treatments that often involve omega-3 fatty acids or resistance exercise, as it specifically targets the benefits of linoleic acid, a type of omega-6 fatty acid.
12345Eligibility Criteria
This trial is for older adults with sarcopenia, which means they have lost muscle strength and mass. Participants will need to consume oil daily as part of the study.Inclusion Criteria
I likely have muscle loss due to aging or illness.
Linoleic Acid Intake <75% of the adequate intake
Exclusion Criteria
Pregnancy and lactation
Any dietary restriction where consumption of the study foods or any ingredient would be contraindicated
Alcohol or drug abuse
+15 more
Trial Timeline
Screening
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial
2-4 weeks
Treatment
Participants consume 12g of high linoleic safflower oil or high oleic safflower oil daily to assess changes in muscle strength, volume, fatigue resistance, and mobility
24 weeks
Follow-up
Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment
4 weeks
Participant Groups
The FORCES Study is testing if eating foods high in linoleic acid or oleic acid can improve muscle strength, size, endurance, and mobility in older people with weakened muscles.
2Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Placebo Group
Group I: High Linoleic Safflower OilExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
consumption of 12g of high linoleic safflower oil every day
Group II: High Oleic Safflower OilPlacebo Group1 Intervention
Consumption of 12g of high oleic safflower oil every day
Find a Clinic Near You
Research Locations NearbySelect from list below to view details:
The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH
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Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?
Ohio State UniversityLead Sponsor
National Institutes of Health (NIH)Collaborator
References
Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [2023]Sarcopenia negatively affects skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise training (RET), is suggested to play a role as a therapeutic component to prevent or treat the negative effects of sarcopenia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation with or without RET on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (≥55 y). The data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline. All the study types involving ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on measures of muscle mass and function in older adults (without disease) were included. The mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and pooled effects assessed. Sixteen studies (1660 females, 778 males) met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. ω-3 fatty acid supplementation did not impact lean tissue mass (SMD 0.09 [-0.10, 0.28]). Benefits were observed for lower body strength (SMD 0.54 [0.33, 0.75]), timed-up-and-go (MD 0.29 [0.23, 0.35]s), and 30-s sit-to-stand performance (MD 1.93 [1.59, 2.26] repetitions) but not walking performance (SMD -0.01 [-0.10, 0.07]) or upper body strength (SMD 0.05 [-0.04, 0.13]). Supplementing with ω-3 fatty acids may improve the lower-body strength and functionality in older adults.
Reduced dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake is associated with sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of KAMOGAWA-DM cohort study. [2020]Omega-3 fatty acids intake is important to maintain muscle mass. However, the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids intake and sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes has been unclear. We used the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire for the assessment of habitual food and nutrient intake. Body composition of patients was evaluated using bioimpedance analysis. To investigate the effect of energy intake on the presence of sarcopenia, we performed logistic regression analyses. Among the patients, 45 patients (13.2%) were diagnosed as sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia were aged [74.2 (5.7) vs 71.4 (5.9) years, p = 0.003] and lower body mass index [21.2 (3.5) vs 24.3 (4.6) kg/m2, p<0.001] than those without. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids intake of patients with sarcopenia was lower than that without [2.6 (1.0) vs 3.0 (1.2) kcal/day, p = 0.046]. Omega-3 fatty acids intake was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia (odds ratio: 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.60, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, exercise, smoking status, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake and omega-3 fatty acids intake. Omega-3 fatty acids intake was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Linolenic acid ameliorates sarcopenia in C. elegans by promoting mitophagy and fighting oxidative stress. [2023]Sarcopenia is a syndrome of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength that seriously affects human health, and there are currently no effective drugs to treat the disease. Linolenic acid as a common n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) is known to have many beneficial functions. Some studies have found that n-3 PUFA might have the potential to improve sarcopenia. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model animal to investigate the effects of linolenic acid on C. elegans muscles. The results showed that 50 μg mL-1 linolenic acid significantly improved sarcopenia by repairing mitochondrial function by promoting mitophagy and fighting oxidative stress (p < 0.05). This included the increase of the expression of the mitophagy gene pink-1 and DAF-16/FOXO transcription factors, respectively, by linolenic acid. This study could provide some evidence for the application of n-3 PUFA in improving sarcopenia.
Intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish associated with prevalence of low lean mass and muscle mass among older women: Analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011. [2023]The effects of dietary n-3 PUFA and fish on the risk of sarcopenia and muscle mass remain unclear. The present study investigated the hypothesis that intake of n-3 PUFA and fish is negatively associated with the prevalence of low lean mass (LLM) and positively correlated with muscle mass in older adults. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011, 1,620 men and 2,192 women aged over 65 years were analyzed. LLM was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body mass index < 0.789 kg for men and <0.512 kg for women. Women and men with LLM consumed less eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fish. In women, but not men, the prevalence of LLM was associated with the intake of EPA and DHA (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.90; p = 0.002) and fish (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.82; p < 0.001). Muscle mass was also positively associated with the intake of EPA, DHA (p = 0.026), and fish (p = 0.005) in women, but not men. α-Linolenic acid intake was not associated with the prevalence of LLM and was not correlated with muscle mass. The findings suggest that consumption of EPA, DHA, and fish are negatively associated with the prevalence of LLM, and positively correlated with muscle mass in Korean older women, but not in older men.
Increased Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake is Inversely Associated with Sarcopenic Obesity in Women but not in Men, Based on the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. [2020](1) Background: Omega-3 fatty acids (ω3FAs) are known to improve protein anabolism, increase the sensitivity to anabolic stimuli, decrease lipogenesis, and stimulate lipid oxidation. We aim to investigate whether ω3FAs are associated with the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO). (2) Methods: Data were obtained from the 2014-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The ratio of daily ω3FA intake to energy intake (ω3FA ratio) was categorized into four quartile groups. (3) Results: The prevalence of SO from Q1 to Q4 was 8.9%, 11.3%, 11.0%, and 9.8% respectively, in men and 17.4%, 14.0%, 13.9%, and 10.1% respectively, in women. The ω3FA ratio in individuals with and without SO were 1.0% and 0.9% in men (p-value = 0.271) respectively, and 0.8% and 1.0% in women (p-value = 0.017), respectively. Compared with Q1, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of Q2, Q3, and Q4 of ω3FA ratios were 1.563 (0.802-3.047), 1.246 (0.611-2.542), and 0.924 (0.458-1.864) respectively, in men and 0.663 (0.379-1.160), 0.640 (0.372-1.102), and 0.246 (0.113-0.534) respectively, in women, after fully adjusting for confounding factors. (4) Conclusions: The ω3FA ratio was significantly higher in older females without SO than in older females with SO. The ω3FA ratio was associated with the prevalence of SO in elderly females.
Relationship between monounsaturated fatty acids and sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. [2023]Accumulating evidence suggests that fatty acids (FAs) play an essential role in regulating skeletal muscle mass and function throughout life. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between dietary or circulatory levels of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) and sarcopenia in observational studies. A comprehensive literature search was performed in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) from inception until August 2022. Of 414 records, a total of 12 observational studies were identified for this review. Ten studies were meta-analysed, comprising a total of 3704 participants. The results revealed that MUFA intake is inversely associated with sarcopenia (standardized mean difference = - 0.28, 95% CI - 0.46 to - 0.11; p