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Androgens vs Testosterone
Introduction
For patients suffering from low levels of male sex hormones, certain hormone replacement therapies can help in restoring balance and managing symptoms. Androgens and testosterone are two such treatments that are commonly prescribed for hypogonadism or conditions related to low testosterone. They each impact different aspects within the body's endocrine system but both have significant effects on sexual development and function in males. Androgens, a broader class of hormones which include testosterone as well as others like dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), influence primary and secondary sexual characteristics, muscle mass, hair growth patterns etc. Testosterone is one specific type of an androgenic hormone primarily produced by the testicles in men; its role is crucial not only to drive libido but also bone density, fat distribution, muscle strength/mass amongst other things.
Androgens vs Testosterone Side By Side
| Attribute | Andro gel | Depo testosterone |
|---|---|---|
| Brand Name | AndroGel | Depo-Testosterone |
| Contraindications | Should not be used with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Misuse can lead to heart disease, stroke, liver disease, mental/mood problems, abnormal drug-seeking behavior, or improper bone growth in adolescents. | Should not be used with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Misuse can lead to heart disease, stroke, liver disease, mental/mood problems, abnormal drug-seeking behavior, or improper bone growth in adolescents. |
| Cost | $600 to $900 for a 1-month supply | $50 - $115 for a single vial |
| Generic Name | Testosterone gel | Testosterone cypionate injection |
| Most Serious Side Effect | Severe nervous system reaction, liver disease, cardiovascular issues | Heart attack, stroke, priapism |
| Severe Drug Interactions | GnRH agonists | GnRH agonists |
| Typical Dose | 2.5–10 grams per day applied topically | 50-400 mg every two to four weeks via intramuscular injection |
What is Androgens?
Androgens, a group of hormones that play a role in male traits and reproductive activity, are often considered synonymous with testosterone. However, there's more to the story. Testosterone is indeed the primary androgenic hormone responsible for development of male sexual characteristics; it is produced mainly in the testes under normal conditions, but can also be synthetically manufactured for medical use when low levels occur naturally.
Testosterone therapy has been used for decades to address symptoms of testosterone deficiency such as fatigue, low libido, and mood changes. The increase in free testosterone levels through external administration helps alleviate these symptoms by restoring normal hormonal balance.
However, while all types of testosterone are categorically classified as androgens, not all androgens are specifically testosterone. Other members of this family include dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), Androstenedione among others which also contribute to various physiological processes within the body. These other androgens may have unique effects on different tissues or functions compared to just pure Testosterone. It's also important to note that using synthetic forms of any hormone including Testosterone carries potential risks like liver disease or cardiovascular issues hence should always be administered under supervision from a healthcare provider who can monitor your response over time.
What conditions is Androgens approved to treat?
Androgens and testosterone are approved for treating different forms of hormone-related conditions:
- Hypogonadism, which is an insufficient production of hormones by the sex glands
- Delayed puberty in boys
- Certain types of breast cancer in women
- As part of transgender hormone therapy for those transitioning from female to male.
How does Androgens help with these illnesses?
Androgens, including testosterone, play a crucial role in developing male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics. They do this by binding to and activating androgen receptors throughout the body. Once bound, they can influence gene expression, leading to changes that include increased muscle mass, deepening of the voice, growth of facial hair, etc. Testosterone is actually one of several androgens found in humans; others include dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). However, testosterone is often singled out due to its significant role in sexual development and function. It's also worth noting that while all testosterone is an androgen not all androgens are testosterone; other compounds with similar chemical structures can activate the same receptors as testosterone but may have differing effects on the body depending upon their specific structure or concentration in circulation.
What is Testosterone?
Testosterone is a specific type of androgen, which is a class of hormones that play a role in male traits and reproductive activity. It's produced primarily in the testes but also to some extent, by the adrenal glands. Testosterone plays an integral part in various bodily functions such as muscle development, bone growth, sexual function, mood regulation and body hair distribution.
Its production increases significantly during puberty and starts to gradually decrease after age 30 or so. As testosterone does not inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (unlike SSRI antidepressants), its side-effect profile is different from those drugs - it doesn't cause sedation nor weight gain as common side effects. Furthermore, low testosterone levels can lead to symptoms like fatigue and depression; therefore ensuring adequate levels can be beneficial for overall well-being especially for men who don't respond well to traditional depression treatments.
What conditions is Testosterone approved to treat?
Testosterone, a primary androgen, is approved for the treatment of:
- Hypogonadism (a condition where the body doesn't produce enough testosterone)
- Delayed puberty in boys It's also used off-label for increasing libido, improving mood or cognition, aiding gender transition in transgender men, as well as enhancing physical performance although these uses are not officially approved by regulatory bodies because they may pose significant health risks.
How does Testosterone help with these illnesses?
Testosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in many physiological processes, affecting muscle mass, bone density, red blood cell production, and even mood regulation. As with other hormones, abnormally low levels of testosterone can lead to various health issues such as fatigue, depression or diminished sexual drive. Androgens are a group of hormones that includes testosterone among others. Testosterone therapy works by supplementing the body's natural testosterone levels and thereby mitigating some symptoms associated with its deficiency. Its action on muscle growth and energy may also play roles in the effectivity of testosterone as part of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). Since it does not significantly affect other hormonal systems directly like estrogen or progesterone do, it is often prescribed when a patient shows symptoms specifically related to low testosterone levels—such as those seen in hypogonadism—or may be combined with other treatments.
How effective are both Androgens and Testosterone?
Both androgens as a class and testosterone specifically, have proven effectiveness in addressing symptoms associated with hypogonadism or low testosterone levels. These substances contribute to the development of male sex organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and play a vital role in overall health. Testosterone was first isolated in 1935 while other synthetic derivatives (other androgens) were developed later to provide different clinical profiles.
A double-blind clinical trial conducted in 2003 compared testosterone to placebo for men with late-onset hypogonadism; it found that those treated with testosterone had significant improvements not only in sexual function but also mood and quality of life. No significant differences were observed when comparing various metrics among individuals receiving different forms of exogenous androgen therapy.
A comprehensive review conducted on testosterone replacement therapy showed its effectiveness starting from the early weeks of treatment, improving muscle mass, bone density, cognition, mood, libido along with an acceptable safety profile. The study further reported that testosterone is one of the most widely prescribed hormones worldwide owing to more understanding about its roles beyond just reproductive functions over time.
Despite this widespread use of testosterone as hormone replacement therapy for men suffering from hypogonadism or low T-levels due to aging or disease conditions such as HIV/AIDS – other synthetic derivatives (androgens) are typically considered when there’s contraindication against using natural form (testosterone). Co-administration studies involving combination therapies indicate the potential benefits - nonetheless research confirming efficacy for these alternative treatments remains less robust than that available for pure testosterone treatment.
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At what dose is Androgens typically prescribed?
Androgen therapy typically involves administration of testosterone cypionate or enanthate in doses ranging from 50-400 mg every two to four weeks. However, the dosage may vary depending upon individual patient requirements and response to treatment. For children with delayed puberty, lower initial doses (e.g., 50–100 mg/month) are recommended which can be gradually increased over time under careful medical supervision. In any case, it is important not to exceed the maximum advised dosage as per your doctor's recommendations for safety reasons and to avoid potential side effects.
At what dose is Testosterone typically prescribed?
Testosterone treatment typically begins with a dosage of 50-400 mg every two to four weeks, administered via intramuscular injection. If necessary, the dose can be increased gradually based on patient response and blood testosterone levels. The maximum recommended dosage is up to 400 mg every two weeks. For those using transdermal patches or gels, the starting dose may vary from 2.5–10 grams per day, applied once daily to clean dry skin in areas as directed by your healthcare provider. It's important not to exceed prescribed dosages without consultation with your doctor; an excess of testosterone can have serious health implications including cardiovascular events and liver damage.
What are the most common side effects for Androgens?
Common side effects of androgens (which include testosterone as a subtype) may include:
-
Mood changes, such as anxiety and increased aggression
-
Acne or oily skin
-
Swelling in the ankles
-
Nausea or vomiting
-
Increased red blood cell count (polycythemia)
-
Increase in body hair growth
-
Male pattern baldness
-
Changes in sexual desire and function
-
Testicle shrinkage
Meanwhile, testosterone therapy can lead to similar but more specific side effects including: -
Enlargement of breasts (gynecomastia)
-
Sleep apnea
-
Prostate enlargement which might increase urination frequency. Always remember it's essential to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Androgens?
Both androgens and testosterone can have similar side effects, as testosterone is a type of androgen itself. However, it's important to note that these hormones should be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional due to potential risks:
- Changes in mood or mental state such as increased aggression or depression
- Allergic reactions with signs including difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat; hives
- Visual disturbances such as blurred vision or other changes in sight
- Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), palpitations, shortness of breath - seek immediate medical attention if this occurs
- Electrolyte imbalances - symptoms may include headache, weakness, slurred speech, severe vomiting or loss of coordination
- Severe nervous system reaction which could manifest through rigid muscles accompanied by high fever, confusion, rapid heartbeats and tremors.
It’s also crucial to consider that prolonged use/abuse of synthetic androgens/testosterone can lead to serious health conditions like liver disease or cardiovascular issues. Always consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any hormone therapy course.
What are the most common side effects for Testosterone?
Testosterone, a specific type of androgen, can cause the following side effects:
- Oily skin or acne
- Increased hair growth
- Fluid retention or swelling in the ankles
- Increased frequency of urination, especially at night
- Headaches or migraines
- Mood changes such as anxiety or depression
- Weight gain due to increased muscle mass
- Sleep disturbances including insomnia and frequent awakenings
- Nausea, stomach discomfort or loss of appetite.
In rare cases, testosterone can also lead to hostility and aggression.
Are there any potential serious side effects for Testosterone?
While testosterone, a type of androgen, is generally safe for use under the supervision of a medical professional, it can sometimes cause serious side effects. These include:
- Signs of an allergic reaction such as hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat
- Mood swings including rage or depression
- Chest pain with spreading to the arm or shoulder
- Swelling in ankles or feet
- Painful erections lasting longer than 4 hours which could lead to permanent sexual problems (priapism)
- Shortness of breath even with mild exertion
- Disturbed sleep patterns resulting in insomnia
If you experience any of these symptoms while using testosterone, stop taking this medication and seek immediate medical attention.
Contraindications for Androgens and Testosterone?
Both androgens and testosterone, as well as other hormone medications, can potentially exacerbate symptoms of certain conditions in some individuals. If you notice worsening symptoms or new onset of mood swings, aggression, depression or suicidal thoughts while taking these medications, please seek immediate medical attention.
Neither androgens nor testosterone should be used if you are currently using or have recently used gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Always inform your healthcare provider about the medications you are taking; GnRH agonists may require a period to clear from your system to avoid harmful interactions with both testosterone and other androgenic hormones.
Moreover, it is important to remember that misuse of androgens or testosterone could lead to serious health problems such as heart disease (including heart attack), stroke, liver disease, mental/mood problems, abnormal drug-seeking behavior or improper bone growth in adolescents.
How much do Androgens and Testosterone cost?
For the brand name versions of these drugs:
- The price of a 1-month supply of AndroGel (testosterone gel) varies between $600 and $900, which works out to around $20-$30 per day.
- Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate injection), another branded form, costs about $50 - $115 for a single vial. Given that injections are typically administered every one to two weeks, this can work out to be anywhere from approximately $3.57–$7.83/day.
Thus, if you're using higher quantities or doses of topical testosterone like AndroGel, it may turn out more expensive on a daily basis compared with injectable forms like Depo-Testosterone.
For generic versions:
- Generic testosterone cypionate injections cost around $10 - 25 per vial offering savings over the brand-name version.
- Testosterone gels have many generic options available too at significantly lower prices ranging from about $100 - 200 for a similar monthly supply as Androgel thus bringing down the daily cost considerably.
However, pricing is not the only important factor in choosing your medication; effectiveness and side effects should also be taken into account when discussing options with your healthcare provider.
Popularity of Androgens and Testosterone
Androgens, including testosterone and other related hormones, are typically prescribed to address issues of low sex drive or erectile dysfunction in men, as well as for certain conditions in women such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In 2020, there were approximately 6.3 million prescriptions for testosterone replacement therapy filled out across the US. This accounted for around 90% of all androgen prescriptions in the country.
Testosterone itself is a type of androgen - it's actually the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid. In its various forms - such as gels, patches, injections, etc., it was prescribed to about 5.7 million individuals in the US during 2020 alone. As with overall androgen usage trends over time are relatively stable since they serve a critical role in both primary care (for hypogonadism) and specialty care settings (like endocrinology or urology), making them consistently prevalent medications over recent years.
Conclusion
Both androgens and testosterone have been utilized extensively in hormone therapies, with numerous clinical studies and meta-analyses demonstrating their effectiveness. In some instances, these treatments may be combined for a more comprehensive approach to hormone therapy. However, this requires meticulous consideration by a healthcare provider due to the potential side effects associated with each treatment.
Androgens represent a broad category of hormones that includes testosterone among others. Their primary function is promoting the development of male sex characteristics, although they also play roles in women's health such as maintaining bone strength.
Testosterone itself is an androgen often used specifically when treating conditions like hypogonadism or certain forms of breast cancer. It can also be part of gender-affirming therapy for trans men.
Both types are available in generic form which offers significant cost savings particularly for patients who must pay out-of-pocket. The impacts of both treatments might not be immediately noticeable as it may take time for the body to adjust.
The side effect profile between androgens in general and testosterone specifically can vary but generally include risks such as cardiovascular disease, liver damage or mood changes among others. Patients should closely monitor any changes they experience while on these treatments especially when first starting them, promptly seeking medical help if adverse reactions occur.
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Refrences
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