Ofatumumab + Siponimod vs Fingolimod for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

(NEOS Trial)

Recruiting in Palo Alto (17 mi)

+93 other locations

Age: < 18

Sex: Any

Travel: May Be Covered

Time Reimbursement: Varies

Trial Phase: Phase 3

Waitlist Available

Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals

No Placebo Group

Pivotal Trial (Near Approval)

Prior Safety Data

Breakthrough Therapy

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

This trial tests three medications in children and teens with multiple sclerosis to find effective treatments. The drugs work by reducing harmful immune cells or preventing them from attacking the nervous system.

Do I have to stop taking my current medications for this trial?

The trial protocol does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications.

What data supports the idea that Ofatumumab + Siponimod vs Fingolimod for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis is an effective drug?

The available research shows that Fingolimod is an effective drug for treating pediatric multiple sclerosis. It has been approved for use in children with relapsing forms of the disease and has shown to reduce relapses significantly. However, there is no specific data provided on the combination of Ofatumumab + Siponimod for pediatric multiple sclerosis in the information available. Therefore, while Fingolimod is supported by research as effective, there is no direct comparison or data for Ofatumumab + Siponimod in the context of pediatric multiple sclerosis. ^{1 2 3 4 5}

What safety data exists for Ofatumumab, Siponimod, and Fingolimod in treating pediatric multiple sclerosis?

The provided research does not contain safety data for Ofatumumab, Siponimod, or Fingolimod in the context of treating pediatric multiple sclerosis. The studies focus on antiemetic treatments for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, which are unrelated to the medications in question. ^{6 7 8 9 10}

Is the drug Fingolimod, Ofatumumab, Siponimod a promising treatment for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis?

Yes, Ofatumumab and Siponimod are promising drugs for treating multiple sclerosis. Ofatumumab is effective in reducing relapse rates and slowing disability progression, and it can be self-administered, offering convenience. Siponimod has shown significant benefits in slowing disease progression compared to other treatments. Both drugs have been shown to be effective in managing multiple sclerosis symptoms. ^{11 12 13 14 15}

Research Team

Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Principal Investigator

Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for children and teenagers aged 10 to less than 18 with multiple sclerosis (MS). They should have had at least one MS attack in the past year or two attacks in the last two years, or new brain lesions on MRI within a year. Those with progressive MS, other immune diseases, severe heart or kidney problems can't join.

Inclusion Criteria

I have had at least one MS flare-up in the last year or two in the last two years, or new brain lesions.

I am between 10 and 17 years old.

Exclusion Criteria

I have severe kidney problems.

Participants meeting the definition of ADEM

My MS is getting worse.

Treatment Details

Interventions

• Fingolimod (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator)
• Ofatumumab (Monoclonal Antibodies)
• Siponimod (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator)

Trial Overview The study tests Ofatumumab and Siponimod against Fingolimod, all drugs for MS. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either one of these drugs or their placebos to compare effectiveness and safety.

Participant Groups

Group I: siponimod - 0.5 mg, 1 mg or 2 mg/ placebo Experimental Treatment 2 Interventions

Siponimod tablet administered orally once daily. Titration period, Day 1 to Day 6, first dose is either 0.1 mg or 0.25 mg up to daily dose of either 0.5 mg, 1 mg or 2 mg (depending on CYP2C9 genotype and body weight).

Group II: ofatumumab - 20 mg injection/ placebo Experimental Treatment 2 Interventions

Ofatumumab as a solution for injection in an autoinjector containing 20 mg ofatumumab (50 mg/mL, 0.4 mL content) for subcutaneous administration. A loading dose at Day1, Day 7 and Day 14 and then injections every 4 weeks/ 6 weeks (depending on patient's body weight).

Group III: fingolimod - 0.5 mg or 0.25 mg/ placebo Active Control 2 Interventions

Fingolimod capsule administered orally once daily at a dose of either 0.5 mg or 0.25 mg (depending on patient's body weight).

Fingolimod is already approved in Canada for the following indications:

Approved in Canada as Gilenya for:

• Relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis

Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Lead Sponsor

Trials

2,963

Recruited

4,275,000+

Founded

1996

Headquarters

Basel, Switzerland

Known For

Precision medicine

Top Products

Gleevec, Cosentyx, Entresto, Kisqali

Dr. Vas Narasimhan

Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Chief Executive Officer since 2018

MD from Harvard Medical School

Dr. Shreeram Aradhye

Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Chief Medical Officer since 2021

MD

Findings from Research

Fingolimod is an effective oral treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, showing significant reductions in relapse rates and MRI progression compared to placebo and other treatments like IFN-β.

While generally well tolerated, fingolimod can cause common side effects such as fatigue and headaches, and rare but serious risks like heart issues and infections, necessitating careful patient monitoring.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Overview and safety of fingolimod hydrochloride use in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ward, MD., Jones, DE., Goldman, MD.[2015]

Fingolimod (Gilenya) is the first oral disease-modifying treatment approved for patients with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, marking a significant advancement in MS therapy.

This new treatment offers a novel mechanism of action by modulating the immune system, which may improve patient outcomes compared to traditional therapies.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fingolimod for multiple sclerosis. [2015]

Fingolimod (0.5 mg) is the first oral therapy approved for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), showing a significant reduction in relapses by about 50% compared to placebo and intramuscular IFN-β1a over extensive clinical trials.

With over 63,000 MS patients monitored for more than 73,000 patient-years, fingolimod has established a well-characterized safety profile, with manageable side effects through proper patient monitoring.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fingolimod for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Singer, BA.[2015]

In a study involving 2615 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, fingolimod (Gilenya) was associated with a low incidence of macular edema (ME), with only 19 confirmed cases observed, primarily in those receiving the higher dose of 1.25 mg.

Patients with a history of uveitis were found to be at a higher risk for developing ME, highlighting the importance of pre-treatment ophthalmic evaluations and ongoing eye monitoring during fingolimod therapy.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ophthalmic evaluations in clinical studies of fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis. Zarbin, MA., Jampol, LM., Jager, RD., et al.[2022]

In a study of 83 pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy, the use of fosaprepitant combined with granisetron significantly reduced vomiting events during both the acute and delayed phases of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) compared to a control group, indicating its efficacy as an antiemetic.

The safety profile of fosaprepitant was comparable to the control group, with no significant differences in adverse events, suggesting it is a well-tolerated option for managing CINV in children.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Efficacy, Safety And Feasibility Of Antiemetic Prophylaxis With Fosaprepitant, Granisetron And Dexamethasone In Pediatric Patients With Hemato-Oncological Malignancies. Cabanillas Stanchi, KM., Ebinger, M., Hartmann, U., et al.[2022]

The combination of netupitant and palonosetron is effective in preventing both acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy, as supported by phase II and III clinical trials.

This treatment offers a convenient single-capsule dosage and has a favorable side effect profile, although its high cost and administration logistics may pose challenges.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The role of netupitant and palonosetron in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Abramovitz, RB., Gaertner, KM.[2018]

Fosaprepitant, an intravenous prodrug of aprepitant, has been shown to be well tolerated in healthy subjects and provides similar anti-emetic effects as oral aprepitant, making it a promising alternative for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).

Clinical studies indicate that fosaprepitant 115 mg is bioequivalent to aprepitant 125 mg, supporting its potential use as part of a 3-day regimen for CINV prevention, although further research is needed to optimize dosing and confirm its efficacy.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fosaprepitant (MK-0517): a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Navari, RM.[2019]

A study involving 39 pediatric patients aged 10 months to 18 years showed that fosaprepitant, administered at 4 mg/kg, is effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), with 89% of patients achieving complete control during the acute phase.

Fosaprepitant appears to be safe for use in young patients, as it demonstrated a significant reduction in emesis and nausea, with 63% control during the delayed phase and an overall incidence of nausea at 43%.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Evaluation of the Use of Fosaprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients. Timaeus, S., Elder, J., Franco, K.[2019]

Siponimod has been shown to be statistically significantly more effective than interferon beta-1a and interferon beta-1b in delaying confirmed disability progression in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, based on a matching-adjusted indirect comparison of individual patient data from the EXPAND trial.

While siponimod demonstrated numerical superiority in reducing annualized relapse rates compared to other disease-modifying treatments, it was not statistically significant except when compared to natalizumab, indicating its potential as a strong option for managing SPMS.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison of siponimod and other disease modifying treatments in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Samjoo, IA., Worthington, E., Haltner, A., et al.[2021]

Ofatumumab (Kesimpta®) is an effective treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, showing superior results compared to oral teriflunomide in reducing relapse rates and MRI-detected lesions in two phase III trials.

The treatment has a manageable safety profile, with common side effects like nasopharyngitis and headaches, and no significant increase in serious infections over 3.5 years, making it a convenient self-administered option for patients.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ofatumumab: A Review in Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis. Kang, C., Blair, HA.[2022]

Ofatumumab, a self-administered anti-CD20 antibody for relapsing multiple sclerosis, was well tolerated by patients, with 72% reporting no side effects after initial application and 87% finding the medication easy to handle.

The study, involving 99 out of 127 patients over an average treatment duration of 9.8 months, indicated that side effects were generally mild, with no increased risk of infections, suggesting Ofatumumab is a safe and effective treatment option in real-world settings.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[Over one year of B‑cell targeted therapy with Ofatumumab s.c.: first results of a prospective, patient-centered real-world observational study]. Klimas, R., Karl, AS., Poser, PL., et al.[2023]

Ofatumumab is an all-human monoclonal antibody that effectively reduces the frequency of exacerbations and the risk of disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis, showing better results compared to teriflunomide.

This drug can be used as a second-line therapy for patients with active relapsing MS or secondary progressive MS, especially for those who have not responded to first-line treatments or have a high risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[Ofatumumab - a new drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis]. Boyko, AN., Smirnova, NF., Shchukin, IA., et al.[2021]

Ofatumumab significantly reduces the annualized relapse rate (ARR) to 0.05 and shows low levels of disease activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), with 78.8% of patients meeting criteria for 'no evidence of disease activity' over 4 years.

In terms of safety, while infections were the most common adverse events reported (58.35%), no new safety concerns were identified, indicating a favorable long-term benefit-risk profile for ofatumumab compared to teriflunomide.

NCBI (Pubmed)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Efficacy and safety of four-year ofatumumab treatment in relapsing multiple sclerosis: The ALITHIOS open-label extension. Hauser, SL., Zielman, R., Das Gupta, A., et al.[2023]

References

1. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Overview and safety of fingolimod hydrochloride use in patients with multiple sclerosis. [2015]

2. Italy pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fingolimod as an effective therapeutic strategy for pediatric relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: two case reports. [2021]

3. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fingolimod for multiple sclerosis. [2015]

4. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fingolimod for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. [2015]

5. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ophthalmic evaluations in clinical studies of fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis. [2022]

6. New Zealand pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Efficacy, Safety And Feasibility Of Antiemetic Prophylaxis With Fosaprepitant, Granisetron And Dexamethasone In Pediatric Patients With Hemato-Oncological Malignancies. [2022]

7. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

The role of netupitant and palonosetron in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [2018]

8. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fosaprepitant (MK-0517): a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [2019]

9. Switzerland pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Optimizing emetic control in children receiving antineoplastic therapy: beyond the guidelines. [2021]

10. United States pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Evaluation of the Use of Fosaprepitant for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients. [2019]

11. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison of siponimod and other disease modifying treatments in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. [2021]

12. New Zealand pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ofatumumab: A Review in Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis. [2022]

13. Germany pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[Over one year of B‑cell targeted therapy with Ofatumumab s.c.: first results of a prospective, patient-centered real-world observational study]. [2023]

14. Russia (Federation) pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

[Ofatumumab - a new drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis]. [2021]

15. England pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Efficacy and safety of four-year ofatumumab treatment in relapsing multiple sclerosis: The ALITHIOS open-label extension. [2023]