Caffeinated Sports Drink for Exercise Performance
(NRG Trial)
Recruiting in Palo Alto (17 mi)
Age: 18 - 65
Sex: Any
Travel: May Be Covered
Time Reimbursement: Varies
Trial Phase: Academic
Recruiting
Sponsor: Arizona State University
Must not be taking: Testosterone therapy
Disqualifiers: Caffeine sensitivity, Cancer, Pregnancy, others
Approved in 4 Jurisdictions
Trial Summary
What is the purpose of this trial?
Caffeine is known to enhance physical and mental performance, but few beverages combine caffeine with electrolytes and carbohydrates to enhance exercise performance. This study evaluates a caffeinated electrolyte-glucose drink's effect on endurance, strength, and cognition. Using a repeated-measures, cross-over design, 20 trained cyclists will complete one familiarization and four randomized 3-hour experimental trials (Liquid I.V.™ Energy Multiplier, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and water). Each trial includes 2 hours of cycling in a warm environment (32ºC), followed by strength and cognitive assessments. Cycling performance, capillary blood, urine, and expiratory gases will be collected.
Will I have to stop taking my current medications?
The trial information does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications. However, if you are using testosterone therapy, you cannot participate in the trial.
What data supports the effectiveness of the treatment Caffeinated Sports Drink for Exercise Performance?
Is a caffeinated sports drink safe for humans during exercise?
Research shows that caffeinated sports drinks do not impair hydration and maintain cardiovascular and body temperature regulation during exercise in warm, humid conditions. Additionally, caffeine levels in urine after consuming these drinks during exercise are below the doping limits set by the International Olympic Committee, indicating safety in terms of caffeine intake.12678
How does the caffeinated sports drink treatment differ from other treatments for exercise performance?
The caffeinated sports drink is unique because it combines caffeine with carbohydrates and electrolytes, which not only helps maintain energy balance during exercise but also improves cognitive functions and physical performance, such as sprinting and jumping, compared to non-caffeinated options.12579
Eligibility Criteria
This trial is for trained cyclists who can handle a tough workout in the heat. They'll be testing different drinks, including one with caffeine and sugar, another without sugar, and plain water. People with health issues that make exercise risky or those on medications affecting hydration or energy levels can't join.Inclusion Criteria
I have been healthy and free from muscle or bone injuries for over 2 months.
Active cyclists who train at least 3 times per week
Body mass index (BMI) range of 18.5-30 kg/m2
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Exclusion Criteria
I am unable to make my own medical decisions.
Pregnancy
History of a heat stroke
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Trial Timeline
Screening
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial
1-2 weeks
Familiarization
Participants complete a familiarization trial without any blood sampling
1 session
1 visit (in-person)
Experimental Trials
Participants complete four randomized 3-hour experimental trials with different beverages, including cycling, strength, and cognitive assessments
4 sessions
4 visits (in-person)
Follow-up
Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after the experimental trials
2 weeks
Treatment Details
Interventions
- Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink (Caffeine Drink)
Trial OverviewResearchers are looking at how a caffeinated sports drink compares to other drinks in improving cycling performance, strength, and brain function during intense exercise. Participants will cycle for hours in warm conditions and then do physical and mental tests.
Participant Groups
4Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Placebo Group
Group I: no-sugar electrolyte solutionExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
1% carbohydrate solution with 1,060 mg/L of Sodium
Group II: Carbohydrate electrolyte solutionExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
2% carbohydrate solution with 1,020 mg/L of Sodium
Group III: Caffeinated carbohydrate electrolyte solutionExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
1% carbohydrate solution with 1,000 mg/L of Sodium, and 200mg/L Caffeine
Group IV: WaterPlacebo Group1 Intervention
Water masked with non-caloric and no-sodium
Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink is already approved in United States, European Union, Canada, Australia for the following indications:
🇺🇸 Approved in United States as Caffeinated Beverages for:
- General Health and Wellness
- Physical Performance Enhancement
🇪🇺 Approved in European Union as Caffeinated Energy Drinks for:
- Mental Performance Enhancement
- Physical Performance Enhancement
🇨🇦 Approved in Canada as Caffeinated Sports Drinks for:
- Exercise Performance Enhancement
- Hydration
🇦🇺 Approved in Australia as Caffeinated Electrolyte Drinks for:
- Endurance Performance Enhancement
- Rehydration
Find a Clinic Near You
Research Locations NearbySelect from list below to view details:
Arizona State University - Hydration Science LabPhoenix, AZ
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Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?
Arizona State UniversityLead Sponsor
References
Supplementary effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on sports performance, lactate removal & cardiovascular response of athletes. [2013]Carbohydrate-electrolyte drink has a significant role on energy balance during exercise. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of oral carbohydrate-electrolyte supplementation on sports performance and cardiovascular status of the national level male athletes during exercise and recovery.
Caffeine improves cognitive performance after strenuous physical exercise. [2022]The effects of three carbohydrate electrolyte solutions (CES) containing different amounts of caffeine on cognitive function and the combined effects of these drinks and exercise on cognitive functions were investigated in a double-blind, cross-over study. On five separate occasions, fifteen endurance trained male athletes (23.3 years) received water placebo, CES placebo (68.8 g/l), and three CES drinks containing low, medium and high dosages of caffeine (150, 225 and 320 mg/l). Each occasion, 8 ml/kg of the drink was consumed before -- and 6 ml/kg of the drink was consumed during an all-out 1 hour time trial on a bicycle ergometer. Cognitive (attentional, psychomotor, and memory) tests were carried out immediately before and immediately after exercise. Before exercise, long term memory was improved by CES plus low dose caffeine compared to both placebos. Immediately after exercise, all cognitive functions were improved by CES plus low- and medium-dose caffeine compared to placebo. These results comprise the first practical demonstration of the cognition improving effects of low amounts of caffeine in CES after strenuous physical exercise.
Sports drinks: research asks for reevaluation of current recommendations. [2019]Results of two clinical studies support the use of a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage to improve performance of intermittent moderate- to high-intensity exercise, such as soccer and ice hockey. Two other studies documented that such beverages improved performance during steady-state moderate- to high-intensity exercise, although the mechanism by which carbohydrate improved performance in these protocols is yet to be determined.
Low and moderate doses of caffeine late in exercise improve performance in trained cyclists. [2017]The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ∼60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ∼82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass(-1)) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass(-1)) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ·kg body mass(-1) TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p
Effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on specific soccer tests and performance. [2021]The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on specific soccer tests and performance. Twenty-two professional male soccer players volunteered to participate in the study. The players were allocated to two assigned trials ingesting carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (7% carbohydrates, sodium 24 mmol.l-1, chloride 12 mmol.l-1, potassium 3 mmol.l-1) or placebo during a 90 min on-field soccer match. The trials were matched for subjects' age, weight, height and maximal oxygen uptake. Immediately after the match, players completed four soccer-specific skill tests. Blood glucose concentration [mean (SD)] was higher at the end of the match-play in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial than in the placebo trial (4.4 (0.3) vs. 4.0 (0.3) mmol.l-1, P
Hydration during exercise in warm, humid conditions: effect of a caffeinated sports drink. [2019]Caffeine is regarded as a diuretic despite evidence that hydration is not impaired with habitual ingestion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a caffeinated sports drink impairs fluid delivery and hydration during exercise in warm, humid conditions (28.5 degrees C, 60% relative humidity). Sixteen cyclists completed 3 trials: placebo (P), carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE), and caffeinated (195 mg/L) sports drink (CAF+CE). Subjects cycled for 120 min at 60-75%VO2max followed by 15 min of maximal-effort cycling. Heart rate and rectal temperature were similar until the final 15 min, when these responses and exercise intensity were higher with CAF+CE than with CE and P. Sweat rate, urine output, plasma- volume losses, serum electrolytes, and blood deuterium-oxide accumulation were not different. Serum osmolality was higher with CAF+CE vs. P but not CE. The authors conclude that CAF+CE appears as rapidly in blood as CE and maintains hydration and sustains cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function as well as CE during exercise in a warm, humid environment.
Palatability and voluntary intake of sports beverages, diluted orange juice, and water during exercise. [2019]Palatability and voluntary intake of 4 beverages commonly available to athletes were compared in a laboratory exercise protocol designed to mimic aerobic training or competitive conditions in which limited time is available for drinking. Diluted orange juice (DOJ), homemade 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverage (HCE), commercially available 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverage (CCE), and water (W) were tested. Fifty adult triathletes and runners (34 males, 16 females) exercised for 75 min at 80-85% of age-predicted heart rate, during which time they were given brief access (60 s) to one of the beverages after 30 min and 60 min of exercise. Results indicated that for overall palatability, CCE > W, HCE, DOJ; W > DOJ, and for amount of beverage consumed, CCE > W, HCE, DOJ; HCE > W, DOJ. The palatability of these beverages varied substantially, as did their voluntary intakes during exercise.
The effect of ad libitum ingestion of a caffeinated carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on urinary caffeine concentration after 4 hours of endurance exercise. [2013]The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of ad libitum ingestion of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) with 150 mg x L (-1) caffeine (CAF) on urinary CAF concentration after 4 h of endurance exercise. Fifty-eight healthy and well-trained male subjects ingested ad libitum a 7 % CES with 150 mg x L (-1) CAF during 4 h cycling at 50 % of maximal work capacity. Total fluid consumption (mean +/- SE) was 2799 +/- 72 mL and CAF intake was 420 +/- 11 mg (5.7 +/- 0.2 mg x kg (-1) body weight). The post-exercise urinary CAF concentration (4.53 +/- 0.25 microg x mL (-1)) was below the doping level of the International Olympic Committee (12 microg x mL (-1)) in all subjects (range 1.20 - 10.84 microg x mL (-1)). A highly positive correlation was observed between CAF intake and post-exercise urinary CAF concentration (r = 0.68, p
The influence of caffeine and carbohydrate coingestion on simulated soccer performance. [2022]Carbohydrate and caffeine are known to independently improve certain aspects of athletic performance. However, less is understood about physiological and performance outcomes when these compounds are coingested in a rehydration and carbohydrate-replacement strategy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of adding a moderate dose of caffeine to a carbohydrate solution during prolonged soccer activity. Fifteen male soccer players performed two 90-min intermittent shuttle-running trials. They ingested a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CON) providing a total of 1.8 g/kg body mass (BM) of carbohydrate or a similar solution with added caffeine (CAF; 3.7 mg/kg BM). Solutions were ingested 1 hr before exercise and every 15 min during the protocol. Soccer passing skill and countermovement-jump height (CMJ) were quantified before exercise and regularly during exercise. Sprinting performance, heart rate, blood lactate concentration (La) and the subjective experiences of participants were measured routinely. Mean 15-m sprint time was faster during CAF (p = .04); over the final 15 min of exercise mean sprint times were CAF 2.48 +/- 0.15 s vs. CON 2.59 +/- 0.2 s. Explosive leg power (CMJ) was improved during CAF (52.9 +/- 5.8 vs. CON 51.7 +/- 5.7 cm, p = .03). Heart rate was elevated throughout CAF, and ratings of pleasure were significantly enhanced. There were no significant differences in passing skill, rating of perceived exertion, La, or body-mass losses between trials. The addition of caffeine to the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improved sprinting performance, countermovement jumping, and the subjective experiences of players. Caffeine appeared to offset the fatigue-induced decline in self-selected components of performance.