Trial Summary
What is the purpose of this trial?Caffeine is known to enhance physical and mental performance, but few beverages combine caffeine with electrolytes and carbohydrates to enhance exercise performance. This study evaluates a caffeinated electrolyte-glucose drink's effect on endurance, strength, and cognition. Using a repeated-measures, cross-over design, 20 trained cyclists will complete one familiarization and four randomized 3-hour experimental trials (Liquid I.V.™ Energy Multiplier, Hydration Multiplier, Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier, and water). Each trial includes 2 hours of cycling in a warm environment (32ºC), followed by strength and cognitive assessments. Cycling performance, capillary blood, urine, and expiratory gases will be collected.
Is the caffeinated sports drink a promising treatment for exercise performance?Yes, the caffeinated sports drink is promising for exercise performance. It can improve energy balance, enhance cognitive functions like memory and attention after exercise, boost sprinting and jumping abilities, and make the exercise experience more enjoyable.24578
What safety data exists for caffeinated sports drinks?The study on hydration during exercise in warm, humid conditions found that a caffeinated sports drink did not impair hydration or fluid delivery compared to a non-caffeinated carbohydrate-electrolyte drink. It maintained hydration and cardiovascular function during exercise. Another study showed that caffeine intake from a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution during endurance exercise resulted in urinary caffeine levels below the doping threshold, indicating safe consumption levels. These studies suggest that caffeinated sports drinks are safe for hydration and do not lead to excessive caffeine levels in the body during exercise.23456
What data supports the idea that Caffeinated Sports Drink for Exercise Performance is an effective treatment?The available research shows that Caffeinated Sports Drinks can improve performance in various ways. One study found that these drinks enhanced cognitive functions like attention and memory after strenuous exercise. Another study demonstrated that low and moderate doses of caffeine in these drinks improved cycling performance, allowing cyclists to complete a time trial faster. Additionally, carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks, which are similar to caffeinated sports drinks, have been shown to boost performance in sports like soccer and ice hockey. These findings suggest that Caffeinated Sports Drinks can be effective in enhancing both physical and mental performance during and after exercise.12589
Do I have to stop taking my current medications for the trial?The trial protocol does not specify whether you need to stop taking your current medications.
Eligibility Criteria
This trial is for trained cyclists who can handle a tough workout in the heat. They'll be testing different drinks, including one with caffeine and sugar, another without sugar, and plain water. People with health issues that make exercise risky or those on medications affecting hydration or energy levels can't join.Inclusion Criteria
I am between 18 and 55 years old.
Exclusion Criteria
I am unable to make my own medical decisions.
I have a history of kidney disease or high blood pressure.
I am currently using testosterone therapy.
I was diagnosed with cancer within the last 5 years.
Treatment Details
Researchers are looking at how a caffeinated sports drink compares to other drinks in improving cycling performance, strength, and brain function during intense exercise. Participants will cycle for hours in warm conditions and then do physical and mental tests.
4Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Placebo Group
Group I: no-sugar electrolyte solutionExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
1% carbohydrate solution with 1,060 mg/L of Sodium
Group II: Carbohydrate electrolyte solutionExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
2% carbohydrate solution with 1,020 mg/L of Sodium
Group III: Caffeinated carbohydrate electrolyte solutionExperimental Treatment1 Intervention
1% carbohydrate solution with 1,000 mg/L of Sodium, and 200mg/L Caffeine
Group IV: WaterPlacebo Group1 Intervention
Water masked with non-caloric and no-sodium
Caffeinated Carbohydrate and electrolyte drink is already approved in United States, European Union, Canada, Australia for the following indications:
🇺🇸 Approved in United States as Caffeinated Beverages for:
- General Health and Wellness
- Physical Performance Enhancement
🇪🇺 Approved in European Union as Caffeinated Energy Drinks for:
- Mental Performance Enhancement
- Physical Performance Enhancement
🇨🇦 Approved in Canada as Caffeinated Sports Drinks for:
- Exercise Performance Enhancement
- Hydration
🇦🇺 Approved in Australia as Caffeinated Electrolyte Drinks for:
- Endurance Performance Enhancement
- Rehydration
Find a clinic near you
Research locations nearbySelect from list below to view details:
Arizona State University - Hydration Science LabPhoenix, AZ
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Who is running the clinical trial?
Arizona State UniversityLead Sponsor
References
Sports drinks: research asks for reevaluation of current recommendations. [2019]Results of two clinical studies support the use of a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage to improve performance of intermittent moderate- to high-intensity exercise, such as soccer and ice hockey. Two other studies documented that such beverages improved performance during steady-state moderate- to high-intensity exercise, although the mechanism by which carbohydrate improved performance in these protocols is yet to be determined.
Caffeine improves cognitive performance after strenuous physical exercise. [2022]The effects of three carbohydrate electrolyte solutions (CES) containing different amounts of caffeine on cognitive function and the combined effects of these drinks and exercise on cognitive functions were investigated in a double-blind, cross-over study. On five separate occasions, fifteen endurance trained male athletes (23.3 years) received water placebo, CES placebo (68.8 g/l), and three CES drinks containing low, medium and high dosages of caffeine (150, 225 and 320 mg/l). Each occasion, 8 ml/kg of the drink was consumed before -- and 6 ml/kg of the drink was consumed during an all-out 1 hour time trial on a bicycle ergometer. Cognitive (attentional, psychomotor, and memory) tests were carried out immediately before and immediately after exercise. Before exercise, long term memory was improved by CES plus low dose caffeine compared to both placebos. Immediately after exercise, all cognitive functions were improved by CES plus low- and medium-dose caffeine compared to placebo. These results comprise the first practical demonstration of the cognition improving effects of low amounts of caffeine in CES after strenuous physical exercise.
The effect of ad libitum ingestion of a caffeinated carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on urinary caffeine concentration after 4 hours of endurance exercise. [2013]The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of ad libitum ingestion of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) with 150 mg x L (-1) caffeine (CAF) on urinary CAF concentration after 4 h of endurance exercise. Fifty-eight healthy and well-trained male subjects ingested ad libitum a 7 % CES with 150 mg x L (-1) CAF during 4 h cycling at 50 % of maximal work capacity. Total fluid consumption (mean +/- SE) was 2799 +/- 72 mL and CAF intake was 420 +/- 11 mg (5.7 +/- 0.2 mg x kg (-1) body weight). The post-exercise urinary CAF concentration (4.53 +/- 0.25 microg x mL (-1)) was below the doping level of the International Olympic Committee (12 microg x mL (-1)) in all subjects (range 1.20 - 10.84 microg x mL (-1)). A highly positive correlation was observed between CAF intake and post-exercise urinary CAF concentration (r = 0.68, p
Palatability and voluntary intake of sports beverages, diluted orange juice, and water during exercise. [2019]Palatability and voluntary intake of 4 beverages commonly available to athletes were compared in a laboratory exercise protocol designed to mimic aerobic training or competitive conditions in which limited time is available for drinking. Diluted orange juice (DOJ), homemade 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverage (HCE), commercially available 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverage (CCE), and water (W) were tested. Fifty adult triathletes and runners (34 males, 16 females) exercised for 75 min at 80-85% of age-predicted heart rate, during which time they were given brief access (60 s) to one of the beverages after 30 min and 60 min of exercise. Results indicated that for overall palatability, CCE > W, HCE, DOJ; W > DOJ, and for amount of beverage consumed, CCE > W, HCE, DOJ; HCE > W, DOJ. The palatability of these beverages varied substantially, as did their voluntary intakes during exercise.
Supplementary effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on sports performance, lactate removal & cardiovascular response of athletes. [2013]Carbohydrate-electrolyte drink has a significant role on energy balance during exercise. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of oral carbohydrate-electrolyte supplementation on sports performance and cardiovascular status of the national level male athletes during exercise and recovery.
Hydration during exercise in warm, humid conditions: effect of a caffeinated sports drink. [2019]Caffeine is regarded as a diuretic despite evidence that hydration is not impaired with habitual ingestion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a caffeinated sports drink impairs fluid delivery and hydration during exercise in warm, humid conditions (28.5 degrees C, 60% relative humidity). Sixteen cyclists completed 3 trials: placebo (P), carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE), and caffeinated (195 mg/L) sports drink (CAF+CE). Subjects cycled for 120 min at 60-75%VO2max followed by 15 min of maximal-effort cycling. Heart rate and rectal temperature were similar until the final 15 min, when these responses and exercise intensity were higher with CAF+CE than with CE and P. Sweat rate, urine output, plasma- volume losses, serum electrolytes, and blood deuterium-oxide accumulation were not different. Serum osmolality was higher with CAF+CE vs. P but not CE. The authors conclude that CAF+CE appears as rapidly in blood as CE and maintains hydration and sustains cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function as well as CE during exercise in a warm, humid environment.
The influence of caffeine and carbohydrate coingestion on simulated soccer performance. [2022]Carbohydrate and caffeine are known to independently improve certain aspects of athletic performance. However, less is understood about physiological and performance outcomes when these compounds are coingested in a rehydration and carbohydrate-replacement strategy. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of adding a moderate dose of caffeine to a carbohydrate solution during prolonged soccer activity. Fifteen male soccer players performed two 90-min intermittent shuttle-running trials. They ingested a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CON) providing a total of 1.8 g/kg body mass (BM) of carbohydrate or a similar solution with added caffeine (CAF; 3.7 mg/kg BM). Solutions were ingested 1 hr before exercise and every 15 min during the protocol. Soccer passing skill and countermovement-jump height (CMJ) were quantified before exercise and regularly during exercise. Sprinting performance, heart rate, blood lactate concentration (La) and the subjective experiences of participants were measured routinely. Mean 15-m sprint time was faster during CAF (p = .04); over the final 15 min of exercise mean sprint times were CAF 2.48 +/- 0.15 s vs. CON 2.59 +/- 0.2 s. Explosive leg power (CMJ) was improved during CAF (52.9 +/- 5.8 vs. CON 51.7 +/- 5.7 cm, p = .03). Heart rate was elevated throughout CAF, and ratings of pleasure were significantly enhanced. There were no significant differences in passing skill, rating of perceived exertion, La, or body-mass losses between trials. The addition of caffeine to the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution improved sprinting performance, countermovement jumping, and the subjective experiences of players. Caffeine appeared to offset the fatigue-induced decline in self-selected components of performance.
Effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on specific soccer tests and performance. [2021]The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on specific soccer tests and performance. Twenty-two professional male soccer players volunteered to participate in the study. The players were allocated to two assigned trials ingesting carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (7% carbohydrates, sodium 24 mmol.l-1, chloride 12 mmol.l-1, potassium 3 mmol.l-1) or placebo during a 90 min on-field soccer match. The trials were matched for subjects' age, weight, height and maximal oxygen uptake. Immediately after the match, players completed four soccer-specific skill tests. Blood glucose concentration [mean (SD)] was higher at the end of the match-play in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial than in the placebo trial (4.4 (0.3) vs. 4.0 (0.3) mmol.l-1, P
Low and moderate doses of caffeine late in exercise improve performance in trained cyclists. [2017]The aim of the present study was to assess if low and moderate doses of caffeine delivered in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) late in exercise improved time-trial (TT) performance. Fifteen (11 male, 4 female) cyclists (age, 22.5 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.3 ± 2.6 kg; peak oxygen consumption, 64.6 ± 1.9 mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) completed 4 double-blinded randomized trials. Subjects completed 120 min of cycling at ∼60% peak oxygen consumption with 5 interspersed 120-s intervals at ∼82% peak oxygen consumption, immediately followed by 40-s intervals at 50 W. Following 80 min of cycling, subjects either ingested a 6% CES (PL), a CES with 100 mg (low dose, 1.5 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass(-1)) of caffeine (CAF1), or a CES with 200 mg (moderate dose, 2.9 ± 0.1 mg·kg body mass(-1)) of caffeine (CAF2). Following the 120-min cycling challenge, cyclists completed a 6-kJ·kg body mass(-1) TT. There was no difference between respiratory, heart rate, glucose, free fatty acid, body mass, hematocrit, or urine specific gravity measurements between treatments. The CAF2 (26:36 ± 0:22 min:s) TT was completed faster than CAF1 (27:36 ± 0:32 min:s, p