~2 spots leftby Dec 2025

Leucine Enriched Amino Acids for Liver Cirrhosis

Recruiting in Palo Alto (17 mi)
Age: 18+
Sex: Any
Travel: May Be Covered
Time Reimbursement: Varies
Trial Phase: Academic
Recruiting
Sponsor: The Cleveland Clinic
Must not be taking: Anabolic steroids, Corticosteroids
Disqualifiers: Diabetes, Renal failure, Malignancy, others
No Placebo Group
Approved in 5 Jurisdictions

Trial Summary

What is the purpose of this trial?

Loss of skeletal muscle mass or sarcopenia is the most common and potentially reversible complication in cirrhosis that increases morbidity and mortality before, during and after liver transplantation. No proven treatments exist for the prevention or reversal of sarcopenia in cirrhosis, primarily because the mechanisms responsible for this are unknown. Based on compelling preliminary studies and those of the co investigator, investigators hypothesize that the mechanism of reduced skeletal muscle mass in cirrhosis is due to a myostatin mediated impaired mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling resulting in reduced protein synthesis and increased autophagy. Investigators further postulate that leucine, a direct stimulant of mTOR, will reverse the impaired mTOR phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle of cirrhotics. The consequent increase in protein synthesis reduced autophagy will result in an increase in skeletal muscle mass. Investigators will test these hypotheses by quantifying the response to acute and long term (3 month) administration of leucine enriched essential amino acid (EAA/LEU) compared with an isonitrogenous isocaloric non-essential balanced amino acid mixture (does not stimulate protein synthesis) in cirrhotic patients. Fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) in skeletal muscle, responses of the molecular regulatory pathways of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and autophagy flux will be quantified in the acute and long term protocols. Tracer studies using L-\[D5\]-phenylalanine (Phe) as a primed constant infusion (prime 2µmol.kg-1.hr-1; constant 0.05 µmol.kg-1.hr-1) with and L \[ring-D2\] tyrosine, forearm plethysmography, and sequential skeletal muscle biopsies (total of 3 per study subject) will be used to quantify these outcomes. Anthropometric, clinical and body composition measures will be additional outcome measures for the long term intervention. Expression of regulatory signaling proteins, myostatin, IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor) , phospho-Akt, phospho-AMPK (activated protein kinase), phospho-mTOR and phospho-p70s6k will be quantified by Western immunoblots. Autophagy flux will be measured by quantifying expression of the autophagosome proteins.

Will I have to stop taking my current medications?

The trial does not specify if you need to stop taking your current medications, but it excludes those taking medications like anabolic steroids or corticosteroids that affect muscle mass.

What data supports the effectiveness of the treatment Leucine Enriched Amino Acids for Liver Cirrhosis?

Research suggests that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which include leucine, may help improve protein metabolism and nutritional status in patients with liver cirrhosis. Some studies indicate that BCAA supplements can enhance protein synthesis and improve nutritional parameters, potentially benefiting patients with cirrhosis.12345

Is leucine-enriched amino acid supplementation safe for humans?

Research indicates that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplements, which include leucine, are generally safe for humans with liver cirrhosis, as they did not induce adverse events in studies and improved certain health markers without affecting survival.16789

How is the treatment with leucine enriched amino acids different from other treatments for liver cirrhosis?

This treatment is unique because it uses leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, to help improve protein metabolism and nutritional status in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is not typically addressed by standard treatments. Leucine activates specific signals in the body that promote protein synthesis and improve glucose metabolism, offering a novel approach to managing the condition.810111213

Research Team

Eligibility Criteria

This trial is for individuals with liver cirrhosis, confirmed by biopsy or other methods, who have a moderate level of disease severity (Child's Pugh score 5-9) and have not consumed alcohol or recreational drugs for at least six months. People with severe cirrhosis, swelling in the legs, other serious illnesses, diabetes, recent bleeding from the gut, brain issues due to liver disease, kidney failure or certain cancers can't join.

Inclusion Criteria

I have been diagnosed with cirrhosis through a biopsy or tests.
Abstinence from alcohol and/or other recreational drugs for at least 6 months
My liver function score is between 5 to 9.

Exclusion Criteria

I do not have sepsis or brain dysfunction.
I have diabetes.
My liver cancer does not meet the Milan criteria.
See 7 more

Trial Timeline

Screening

Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial

2-4 weeks

Acute Treatment

Participants receive acute administration of leucine enriched essential amino acid (EAA/LEU) or balanced amino acid (BAA) supplement

1 week
1 visit (in-person)

Long-term Treatment

Participants receive long-term administration of leucine enriched essential amino acid (EAA/LEU) or balanced amino acid (BAA) supplement

12 weeks
3 visits (in-person)

Follow-up

Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment

4 weeks

Treatment Details

Interventions

  • Balanced amino acid supplement (BAA) (Behavioural Intervention)
  • Leucine enriched essential amino acid (EEA/LEU) (Amino Acid Supplement)
Trial OverviewThe study is testing whether a special mix of amino acids including leucine (EAA/LEU), which may help build muscle protein and mass, works better than a balanced amino acid supplement (BAA) that doesn't stimulate muscle growth. The effects will be measured over three months using blood markers and muscle biopsies.
Participant Groups
2Treatment groups
Active Control
Group I: Balanced amino acid supplementActive Control1 Intervention
Patients with cirrhosis that are given a balanced amino acid (BAA) supplement.
Group II: Leucine enriched essential amino acidActive Control1 Intervention
Patients with cirrhosis that are given a leucine enriched essential amino acid (EEA/LEU) supplement.

Leucine enriched essential amino acid (EEA/LEU) is already approved in Canada, Japan, China for the following indications:

🇨🇦
Approved in Canada as Leucine for:
  • Nutritional supplement
🇯🇵
Approved in Japan as Leucine for:
  • Food additive
🇨🇳
Approved in China as Leucine for:
  • Nutritional supplement

Find a Clinic Near You

Research Locations NearbySelect from list below to view details:
Cleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland, OH
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Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?

The Cleveland Clinic

Lead Sponsor

Trials
1072
Patients Recruited
1,377,000+

Findings from Research

Response of phenylalanine and leucine kinetics to branched chain-enriched amino acids and insulin in patients with cirrhosis.Tessari, P., Zanetti, M., Barazzoni, R., et al.[2019]
Additional BCAA-enriched nutrient mixture improves the nutritional condition in cirrhotic patients with hypoalbuminemia despite treatment with regular BCAA granules: A pilot study.Fukui, A., Kawabe, N., Hashimoto, S., et al.[2015]
In a study of 174 patients with advanced cirrhosis, oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) significantly reduced the rates of combined adverse events (like death and hospital admissions) compared to lactoalbumin, suggesting a protective effect against liver failure.
BCAA supplementation also led to improvements in nutritional parameters, liver function tests, and quality of life, although long-term compliance with the treatment was poor, indicating a need for better formulations to encourage adherence.
Nutritional supplementation with branched-chain amino acids in advanced cirrhosis: a double-blind, randomized trial.Marchesini, G., Bianchi, G., Merli, M., et al.[2019]
Patients with advanced cirrhosis often require a higher-than-normal intake of dietary proteins to maintain nitrogen balance, and most can tolerate increased protein intake without risking hepatic encephalopathy.
In cases of severe malnutrition, amino acid supplements may be beneficial, and for patients who struggle with protein intake, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplements can provide necessary nutrients without negatively affecting mental health.
Nutritional treatment with branched-chain amino acids in advanced liver cirrhosis.Marchesini, G., Bianchi, G., Rossi, B., et al.[2005]
Effect of branched chain amino acid infusions on body protein metabolism in cirrhosis of liver.Wright, PD., Holdsworth, JD., Dionigi, P., et al.[2019]
Amino Acid Profile in Malnourished Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Its Modification with Oral Nutritional Supplements: Implications on Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy.Espina, S., Gonzalez-Irazabal, Y., Sanz-Paris, A., et al.[2021]
Oral branched-chain amino acid supplementation improves the oxidized/reduced albumin ratio in patients with liver cirrhosis.Fukushima, H., Miwa, Y., Shiraki, M., et al.[2020]
[Effects of supplementation with branched-chain amino acids on protein-nutritional status in rats treated by carbon tetrachloride].Ohashi, H., Sukegawa, E., Takami, T., et al.[2020]
Oral branched-chain amino acids have a beneficial effect on manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy in a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.Gluud, LL., Dam, G., Borre, M., et al.[2023]
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly leucine, have been used in Japan to treat hypoalbuminemia in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, showing potential benefits in protein synthesis and glucose metabolism.
Leucine activates mTOR signaling, which promotes protein synthesis and improves glucose metabolism, suggesting that BCAAs could play a significant role in managing cirrhotic diseases by targeting specific tissue responses.
Pharmacological activities of branched-chain amino acids: specificity of tissue and signal transduction.Nishitani, S., Ijichi, C., Takehana, K., et al.[2021]
Branched-chain amino acid-enriched elemental diet in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. A double blind crossover trial.Sieg, A., Walker, S., Czygan, P., et al.[2009]
Effect of a branched chain amino acid-enriched nutritional product on the pathophysiology of the liver and nutritional state of patients with liver cirrhosis.Watanabe, A., Shiota, T., Okita, M., et al.[2017]
Branched-chain amino acid treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis.Suzuki, K., Kato, A., Iwai, M.[2022]

References

Response of phenylalanine and leucine kinetics to branched chain-enriched amino acids and insulin in patients with cirrhosis. [2019]
Additional BCAA-enriched nutrient mixture improves the nutritional condition in cirrhotic patients with hypoalbuminemia despite treatment with regular BCAA granules: A pilot study. [2015]
Nutritional supplementation with branched-chain amino acids in advanced cirrhosis: a double-blind, randomized trial. [2019]
Nutritional treatment with branched-chain amino acids in advanced liver cirrhosis. [2005]
Effect of branched chain amino acid infusions on body protein metabolism in cirrhosis of liver. [2019]
Amino Acid Profile in Malnourished Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Its Modification with Oral Nutritional Supplements: Implications on Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy. [2021]
Oral branched-chain amino acid supplementation improves the oxidized/reduced albumin ratio in patients with liver cirrhosis. [2020]
[Effects of supplementation with branched-chain amino acids on protein-nutritional status in rats treated by carbon tetrachloride]. [2020]
Oral branched-chain amino acids have a beneficial effect on manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy in a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. [2023]
10.United Statespubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Pharmacological activities of branched-chain amino acids: specificity of tissue and signal transduction. [2021]
Branched-chain amino acid-enriched elemental diet in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. A double blind crossover trial. [2009]
Effect of a branched chain amino acid-enriched nutritional product on the pathophysiology of the liver and nutritional state of patients with liver cirrhosis. [2017]
Branched-chain amino acid treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis. [2022]