Plaquenil

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda, Q Fever, Malaria + 7 more
Treatment
14 FDA approvals
20 Active Studies for Plaquenil

What is Plaquenil

HydroxychloroquineThe Generic name of this drug
Treatment SummaryHydroxychloroquine is a medication used to treat and prevent malaria. It is also used to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Hydroxychloroquine was developed during World War II as a less severe alternative to quinacrine, and was approved by the FDA in 1955. In 2020, the FDA revoked its emergency use authorization for the treatment of COVID-19 due to a fatality in the group being treated with hydroxychloroquine.
Plaquenilis the brand name
image of different drug pills on a surface
Plaquenil Overview & Background
Brand Name
Generic Name
First FDA Approval
How many FDA approvals?
Plaquenil
Hydroxychloroquine
1955
107

Approved as Treatment by the FDA

Hydroxychloroquine, also known as Plaquenil, is approved by the FDA for 14 uses which include Lupus and Malaria .
Lupus
Malaria
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
Malaria
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
uncomplicated Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Helps manage Rheumatoid Arthritis
Uncomplicated Malaria caused by Plasmodium ovale
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)
Uncomplicated Malaria caused by Plasmodium Vivax
Plasmodium Infections
Malaria
Malaria
Malaria

Effectiveness

How Plaquenil Affects PatientsHydroxychloroquine affects the functioning of a certain cell structure in humans and malaria. This alters the pH of the cells, which can help treat autoimmune diseases and makes it harder for malaria to get energy from hemoglobin. Hydroxychloroquine is generally taken once a week, but people with diabetes should keep track of their blood sugar levels as it can cause low blood sugar. It is not effective against malaria in areas where chloroquine resistance has been reported.
How Plaquenil works in the bodyHydroxychloroquine works in a few different ways to fight against malaria and other viruses. It accumulates in the parasite's lysosomes, which raises the acidity and makes it harder for the parasite to feed on hemoglobin. It can also block the action of the parasite's heme polymerase. In humans, the drug raises acidity in cells, preventing them from presenting antigens to autoimmune cells. It also reduces the release of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, it raises acidity in endosomes, which blocks viruses from fusing and entering cells. Finally, it prevents the glycosylation of ACE

When to interrupt dosage

The suggested measure of Plaquenil is contingent upon the recognized ailment, including Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid, Sjögren's Syndrome and Malaria. The dosage likewise fluctuates as per the technique of administration (e.g. Oral or Tablet) outlined in the table beneath.
Condition
Dosage
Administration
Q Fever
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Malaria
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Rheumatoid Arthritis
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Lupus
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Malaria
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Malaria
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Malaria
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Malaria
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
, 200.0 mg, 400.0 mg, 300.0 mg, 100.0 mg
, Oral, Tablet, film coated, Tablet, film coated - Oral, Tablet, coated - Oral, Tablet, coated, Tablet, Tablet - Oral, Enteral, Tablet, film coated - Enteral

Warnings

Plaquenil Contraindications
Condition
Risk Level
Notes
Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions
Do Not Combine
Hydroxychloroquine may interact with Pulse Frequency
There are 20 known major drug interactions with Plaquenil.
Common Plaquenil Drug Interactions
Drug Name
Risk Level
Description
2-Methoxyethanol
Major
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydroxychloroquine is combined with 2-Methoxyethanol.
7-Nitroindazole
Major
The therapeutic efficacy of 7-Nitroindazole can be decreased when used in combination with Hydroxychloroquine.
9-(N-methyl-L-isoleucine)-cyclosporin A
Major
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydroxychloroquine is combined with 9-(N-methyl-L-isoleucine)-cyclosporin A.
Abetimus
Major
The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Hydroxychloroquine is combined with Abetimus.
Acebutolol
Major
The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be decreased when Hydroxychloroquine is combined with Acebutolol.
Plaquenil Toxicity & Overdose RiskAn overdose of hydroxychloroquine can result in headache, drowsiness, vision problems, extreme fatigue, low potassium levels, and abnormal heart rhythms. To treat the overdose, a person should receive activated charcoal at least five times the dose of hydroxychloroquine within 30 minutes and may additionally receive Diazepam, blood transfusions, fluids, and ammonium chloride to help excrete the drug. They may also receive epinephrine if necessary. Patients should be monitored for at least 6 hours after treatment.
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Plaquenil Novel Uses: Which Conditions Have a Clinical Trial Featuring Plaquenil?

There are 141 ongoing clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of Plaquenil in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis, Q Fever and Porphyria Cutanea Tarda.
Condition
Clinical Trials
Trial Phases
Lupus
65 Actively Recruiting
Phase 2, Not Applicable, Phase 1, Phase 3, Phase 4, Early Phase 1
Q Fever
0 Actively Recruiting
Malaria
0 Actively Recruiting
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
8 Actively Recruiting
Phase 2, Phase 3, Phase 1
Malaria
0 Actively Recruiting
Malaria
0 Actively Recruiting
Rheumatoid Arthritis
55 Actively Recruiting
Not Applicable, Phase 4, Phase 3, Phase 2, Phase 1
Malaria
0 Actively Recruiting
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
0 Actively Recruiting
Malaria
0 Actively Recruiting

Plaquenil Reviews: What are patients saying about Plaquenil?

5Patient Review
1/1/2018
Plaquenil for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
I had a serious reaction to this drug. My body broke out in hives, then turned purple, and I looked like a giant bruise. Then it peeled- there was not a spot on my body that did not peel. I retained water, my legs and arms swelled causing major blisters that left permanent scars on my legs, and I also had hair loss. This caused me to miss 3 weeks of work- it was a HORRIBLE experience.
4.7Patient Review
3/19/2018
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
I implore you to not be scared off by the potential side effects you might read about online. This drug completely changed my life for the better; it saved me from a lot of pain and suffering. Yes, there can be some gastrointestinal issues at first, but they're nothing that time and patience can't fix.
4Patient Review
8/29/2018
Plaquenil for Malaria caused by the Protozoa Plasmodium Vivax
I've been taking this medication for five months to help manage my mild RA. I'm glad to report that it's helped reduce my pain and morning stiffness significantly.
3.7Patient Review
7/21/2019
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
This medication has helped me with my joint pain, however I've been having issues with my eyes every two to three weeks. They get red and itchy, and the light really bothers them. My doctor says it's allergy related.
3.7Patient Review
4/22/2017
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
This medication is decreasing the inflammation and pain I was experiencing. At first, my doctor said to take it in the morning after breakfast but that made me too nauseous because there wasn't enough food in my system. So, I switched to taking it after dinner instead and haven't had any problems since. Additionally, it's cleared up scabs on my arms that wouldn't heal for years. So far so good--no hair loss yet either but I've only been on the medication for one month.
3.7Patient Review
1/15/2017
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
3.3Patient Review
3/18/2018
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
My daughter was diagnosed with Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis and prescribed Plaquenil. It helped her pain and swelling a lot, but has also suppressed her immune system, resulting in some secondary infections. All things considered, we're pretty satisfied.
3Patient Review
8/21/2019
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
I've been taking this medication for a few months now, but I still struggle with stiffness in my fingers and joints. Additionally, it takes a little while for the medicine to "kick in."
2.3Patient Review
1/2/2017
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
2Patient Review
8/5/2020
Plaquenil for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
My wife started having vision problems after being on this drug for eighteen months. She is now legally blind with just some periphial vision left.
2Patient Review
10/3/2017
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
I experienced too many side effects with this treatment.
2Patient Review
9/3/2018
Plaquenil for Rheumatoid Arthritis
The lack of versatility in dosage was frustrating, as I needed a different amount than what this came in.
image of drug pills surrounding a glass of water symbolizing drug consumption

Patient Q&A Section about plaquenil

These questions and answers are submitted by anonymous patients, and have not been verified by our internal team.

Is Plaquenil a steroid?

"Plaquenil falls into a group of drugs called disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), which are used to decrease inflammation that does the damage in many types of arthritis."

Answered by AI

What are the most common side effects of Plaquenil?

"You could experience some side effects from taking this medication, such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dizziness, or headache. If any of these effects last or get worse, let your doctor or pharmacist know. Keep in mind that your doctor prescribed this medication because they believe the benefits to you are greater than any potential risks of side effects."

Answered by AI

What does Plaquenil do to the eyes?

"Plaquenil interferes with retinal pigment cells, which can result in blurry or distorted vision. In severe cases, the macula (the central part of the retina that provides clear vision) may be completely destroyed."

Answered by AI

What is Plaquenil prescribed for?

"Hydroxychloroquine is a drug that is used to prevent and treat malaria. It is classified as a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). DMARDs are drugs that can decrease the pain and swelling of arthritis, as well as prevent joint damage and reduce the risk of long-term disability."

Answered by AI

Clinical Trials for Plaquenil

Image of Investigative Site in Beverly Hills, United States.

VENT-03 for Lupus

18 - 70
All Sexes
Beverly Hills, CA
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if VENT-03 works to treat patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) who may or may not have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Another goal is to learn about the safety of VENT-03 and how it is processed by the body. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does VENT-03 affect the activity and severity of CLE? * What side effects do participants have when taking VENT-03? Researchers will compare VENT-03 to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if VENT-03 works to treat patients with CLE. Participants will: * Take VENT-3 or a placebo every day for 4 weeks, then all participants will switch to VENT-03 for another 8 weeks; * Visit the clinic once a month for checkups and tests.
Phase 2
Recruiting
Investigative Site (+9 Sites)Ventus Therapeutics U.S., Inc.
Image of Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Canada.

Steroids for Rheumatoid Arthritis

18+
All Sexes
Toronto, Canada
People living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often experience flares-periods where their symptoms suddenly get worse. These flares can cause significant pain, make it harder to move and do daily activities, and lower overall quality of life. Doctors often treat flares with medications called glucocorticoids (GCs), which reduce inflammation. These medications can be taken by mouth (oral/PO) or given as a single injection into the muscle (intramuscular/IM). However, it's not clear which option works better from the patient's point of view-especially when it comes to relief of symptoms, improvements in function, and satisfaction with treatment. Most research so far has focused on how well the drugs control the disease, rather than how they impact the patient's overall experience. Research Questions: 1. Does a single GC injection work just as well as taking pills over a few weeks in improving symptoms reported by patients? 2. How do the two treatments compare in terms of symptom relief, ability to function, and patient satisfaction? 3. What do patients think and feel about using GCs to treat RA flares? What the Investigators Think: The investigators believe that a one-time GC injection is just as good as taking pills for a few weeks when it comes to managing RA flares. In fact, the injection might even be safer and preferred by patients. What the Investigators are Doing: The investigators will study 220 adults with RA who are currently having a flare (with at least 3 swollen and tender joints). These patients will be recruited from rheumatology clinics at the University of Toronto and must not have used GCs in the past month. They will be randomly assigned to receive either: A single injection (Methylprednisolone 120 mg), or Oral pills (Prednisone starting at 15 mg daily and tapering down over 3 weeks). The main thing the investigators will look at is how much better patients feel after 6 weeks, based on a questionnaire designed to measure RA flares. The investigators will also look at how well they function, how satisfied they are with the treatment, and whether they had any side effects. In addition, 20 patients (10 from each group) will be interviewed to understand their experiences and opinions about flare treatment in more detail. Why This Is Possible: The investigators have already surveyed University of Toronto rheumatologists who support the idea and provided input on study design. The investigators have also partnered with experts in research methods, national arthritis organizations, and patient groups to make sure the study is relevant and meaningful. Ethics approval has been obtained. Why It Matters: RA flares can have a major impact on people's lives. While current treatments help control inflammation, the investigators need to better understand how these treatments affect people from their own perspective. This study will shift the focus to what matters most to patients, helping doctors and patients choose the best treatment based not only on medical results but also on the patient's experience. This could lead to more effective and personalized care for people living with RA.
Phase 4
Waitlist Available
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (+4 Sites)
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NTR-1011 for Lupus and Rheumatoid Arthritis

18 - 75
All Sexes
Glendale, CA
This phase 1a and 1b study is designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and preliminary efficacy of NTR-1011 in healthy adults and in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The main goals of this study are to determine the safety profile of NTR-1011 across subcutaneous and intravenous dose levels, understand how the drug behaves in the body, characterize its biological activity through relevant pharmacodynamic markers, assess the potential for immune responses to treatment, and explore early signals of clinical benefit in autoimmune disease settings. This is a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study that begins with a single ascending dose evaluation in healthy volunteers followed by a multiple dose assessment in patients. The design is intended to define the highest safe and well tolerated dose, establish a robust PK and PD baseline, and generate initial patient level evidence to support dose selection and advancement into subsequent clinical development.
Phase 1
Recruiting
California Clinical Trials Medical GroupHakop Gevorkyan, MDNeutrolis
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Academic Detailing for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Any Age
All Sexes
Louisville, KY
The goal of this trial is to learn if an interactive evidence-based educational outreach visits to clinicians who prescribe biologics change prescribing of biosimilar medications. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Do educational outreach visits lead to a higher number of prescriptions for biosimilar versions of adalimumab? 2. Do in-person or virtual visits work better? Researchers will compare clinicians offered the educational outreach visit to those who are not offered the visit to see if there is a difference in prescribing of biosimilar versions of adalimumab instead of the original brand-name version. Participants will be offered the chance to meet with a trained clinician who will provide educational information tailored to their knowledge and attitudes on the topic. They will also be provided an educational brochure and patient educational materials.
Waitlist Available
Has No Placebo
Humana Healthcare Research, Inc. (+1 Sites)
Image of Truway Health, Inc. www.truwayhealth.com (401 E 34th Street, S11P, New York, NY 10016) in New York, United States.

Electromagnetic Resonance Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases

Any Age
All Sexes
New York, NY
The ImmuneNet study is a Phase I/II clinical trial sponsored by Truway Health, Inc. It will test whether gentle, low-frequency electromagnetic resonance (LF-EMR) can influence how immune cells communicate and synchronize with each other. The goal is to see if this "quantum-synaptic" signaling effect can help stabilize immune activity and reduce the number of autoimmune flare-ups in people living with conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis. Participants will receive either an active or a sham (placebo) LF-EMR session three times per week for twelve weeks. Each session is completely non-invasive. Blood samples will be collected to study cytokines (immune-system messenger molecules), gene-expression patterns, and electrical field coherence among immune cells. A machine-learning system will analyze these data to predict inflammation patterns and guide individualized treatment settings. All participant data will be securely recorded and time-stamped to ensure transparency and privacy. The expected outcome of the study is a measurable reduction in autoimmune flare frequency and symptom severity, along with improved understanding of how electromagnetic signaling might safely regulate immune function.
Phase 1 & 2
Waitlist Available
Truway Health, Inc. www.truwayhealth.com (401 E 34th Street, S11P, New York, NY 10016)Gavin Solomon, President & CEOTruway Health, Inc.
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Ultrasound Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis

18+
All Sexes
Minneapolis, MN
The At-Home ULTRA Study will evaluate performance of the MINI system as indicated for the treatment of adults with active, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis who are inadequate responders or are intolerant to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs), or targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs). The non-invasive study device delivers ultrasound stimulation to the spleen to reduce inflammation. The study will enroll at least 60 participants at up to 8 sites. There will be three arms consisting of two active stimulation groups (treatment) and one non-active stimulation group (sham-control). After completing the double-blinded primary endpoint assessment period at Week 12, there will be a one-way crossover of control participants to active stimulation and an additional 12 week follow-up with all participants to evaluate long-term outcomes.
Recruiting
Drug
University of Minnesota Medical School, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune DiseasesDaniel ZachsSecondWave Systems Inc.
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