CPX-351 + Quizartinib for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Recruiting in Palo Alto (17 mi)
Age: 18+
Sex: Any
Travel: May Be Covered
Time Reimbursement: Varies
Trial Phase: Phase 1 & 2
Recruiting
Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Must not be taking: CYP3A4 inducers, QT prolongers
Disqualifiers: Cardiovascular disease, HIV, Hepatitis, others
No Placebo Group
Trial Summary
What is the purpose of this trial?This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and best dose of CPX-351 in combination with quizartinib for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and high risk myelodysplastic syndrome. CPX-351, composed of chemotherapy drugs daunorubicin and cytarabine, works in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Quizartinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. The goal of this study is to learn if the combination of CPX-351 and quizartinib can help to control acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Will I have to stop taking my current medications?
The trial protocol does not specify if you must stop taking your current medications. However, you cannot take certain drugs that affect heart rhythm or strong CYP3A4 inducers. It's best to discuss your current medications with the trial team.
What data supports the effectiveness of the drug CPX-351 + Quizartinib for Acute Myeloid Leukemia?
Research shows that CPX-351, a combination of two drugs in a special delivery system, significantly improved survival in older adults with a specific type of acute myeloid leukemia compared to traditional chemotherapy. This suggests it could be an effective option for treating this condition.
12345Is CPX-351 safe for humans?
CPX-351, also known as Vyxeos, has been shown to have a safety profile similar to traditional chemotherapy in studies with older adults with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. It is generally considered to have an acceptable tolerability profile, meaning it is reasonably safe for use in humans.
12567What makes the drug CPX-351 + Quizartinib unique for treating acute myeloid leukemia?
CPX-351 is unique because it combines two chemotherapy drugs, daunorubicin and cytarabine, in a special liposome (a tiny bubble-like structure) that helps deliver the drugs more effectively to cancer cells. This combination has shown improved survival rates compared to the traditional 7+3 chemotherapy regimen, especially in older adults with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia.
568910Eligibility Criteria
This trial is for adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or high-risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), who have either not received chemotherapy or have had up to four prior treatments. Participants must be over 60 years old for the frontline cohort, and at least 18 for the relapsed/refractory cohort. They should have adequate organ function, no severe concurrent illnesses, and women of childbearing potential must use contraception.Inclusion Criteria
I can take care of myself but might not be able to do heavy physical work.
I have been diagnosed with AML or high-risk MDS, not including APL.
I have AML or MDS and have had 1-4 treatments for it.
+15 more
Exclusion Criteria
Sustained heart rate of < 50/minute on pre-entry ECG
I do not have major stomach or intestine problems that affect medication absorption.
Atrial fibrillation documented within 2 weeks prior to first dose of study drug
+19 more
Trial Timeline
Screening
Participants are screened for eligibility to participate in the trial
2-4 weeks
Induction
Patients receive CPX-351 IV on days 1, 3, and 5 and quizartinib PO on days 6-19. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 2 cycles.
Up to 8 weeks
Multiple visits for IV administration and monitoring
Consolidation
Patients receive CPX-351 IV on days 1 and 3 and quizartinib PO on days 4-28. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 2 cycles.
8 weeks
Multiple visits for IV administration and monitoring
Maintenance
Patients receive quizartinib PO on days 1-28 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Variable, based on patient response
Follow-up
Participants are monitored for safety and effectiveness after treatment completion.
Up to 5 years
Follow-up at 30 days, then every 3-6 months
Participant Groups
The trial is testing CPX-351 (a combination of daunorubicin and cytarabine encapsulated in liposomes) alongside quizartinib to see if they can effectively control AML and MDS. It's a phase I/II study that aims to determine the best dose while monitoring side effects when these drugs are used together.
1Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Group I: Treatment (CPX-351, quizartinib)Experimental Treatment2 Interventions
INDUCTION: Patients receive CPX-351 IV over 90 minutes on days 1, 3 and 5 and quizartinib PO on days 6-19. Patients who do not respond to treatment during cycle 1 receive CPX-351 IV on days 1 and 3 and quixartinib PO on days 6-19 during cycle 2. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
CONSOLIDATION: Patients receive CPX-351 over 90 minutes on days 1 and 3 and quizartinib PO on days 4-28 of cycle 1. Treatment with CPX-351 repeats every 28 days for 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
MAINTENANCE: Patients receive quizartinib PO on days 1-28 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Liposome-encapsulated Daunorubicin-Cytarabine is already approved in United States for the following indications:
🇺🇸 Approved in United States as Vyxeos for:
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC)
- Therapy-related AML (t-AML)
Find a Clinic Near You
Research Locations NearbySelect from list below to view details:
M D Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX
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Who Is Running the Clinical Trial?
M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterLead Sponsor
National Cancer Institute (NCI)Collaborator
References
Daunorubicin/Cytarabine Liposome: A Review in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. [2020]VYXEOS™ is a liposomal-encapsulated formulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine delivering a fixed, synergistic 1:5 molar ratio (hereafter referred to as daunorubicin/cytarabine liposome). Daunorubicin/cytarabine liposome is approved in several countries worldwide for the treatment of adults with therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia (tAML) and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (MRC). Approval was based on its clinical benefit in older patients with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary AML in a pivotal phase III trial. In this study, daunorubicin/cytarabine liposome significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) relative to conventional chemotherapy with cytarabine plus daunorubicin (hereafter referred to as 7 + 3). Daunorubicin/cytarabine liposome was also associated with significantly higher rates of complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete haematological recovery (CRi) compared with 7 + 3. Daunorubicin/cytarabine liposome had an acceptable tolerability profile in older patients with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary AML. The safety profile of daunorubicin/cytarabine liposome, including types and severities of adverse events, was generally similar to that of 7 + 3. Therefore, daunorubicin/cytarabine liposome is an important treatment option for adults with newly diagnosed tAML or AML-MRC.
CPX-351: a nanoscale liposomal co-formulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine with unique biodistribution and tumor cell uptake properties. [2020]Combination regimens are a standard of care for many cancers. However, components of such regimens are typically first developed individually and subsequently combined using strategies to minimize toxicity. Little or no consideration is given to strategies that potentially maximize efficacy. In contrast, CPX-351 (Vyxeos®) is a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin that was rationally designed to improve efficacy over the traditional 7+3 cytarabine/daunorubicin chemotherapy regimen for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The notable clinical efficacy of CPX-351 is achieved through maintenance of a synergistic 5:1 molar ratio of cytarabine and daunorubicin within the liposome after intravenous injection. The CPX-351 liposome, which is formulated to contain bilayers of distearoylphosphatidylcholine, distearoylphosphatidylglycerol, and cholesterol at a 7:2:1 molar ratio and remains in a gel phase at body temperature, provides stability without polyethylene glycol, controlled release of cytarabine and daunorubicin, limited systemic drug distribution, and preferential internalization within malignant myeloblasts in the bone marrow via active uptake of liposomes into cytoplasmic vacuoles. Thus, the CPX-351 liposome protects cytarabine and daunorubicin from metabolism and elimination, while overcoming pharmacokinetic differences between the two agents. In clinical studies, these liposome properties markedly increased the elimination half-life of CPX-351 versus free cytarabine and daunorubicin and maintained a synergistic drug ratio for over 24 hrs after administration. Preferential uptake of liposomes by leukemia cells suggests that relatively large amounts of cytarabine and daunorubicin enter malignant cells via liposomes, potentially bypassing P-glycoprotein-based efflux pumps, which are important mediators of chemotherapy resistance, and contribute to the rapid clearance of leukemia cells from the circulation and bone marrow. These pharmacologic advantages, a direct consequence of properties of the encapsulating liposome, may explain the efficacy of CPX-351 in patients with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary AML and the reduced drug exposure in off-target tissues that contribute to a manageable safety profile.
Efficacy of CPX-351, (cytarabine:daunorubicin) liposome injection, against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) xenograft models of the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program. [2021]CPX-351, a liposomal formulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin co-encapsulated at an optimized synergistic 5:1 molar ratio, has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes over conventional cytarabine/daunorubicin treatment in a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with AML as well as superior efficacy against preclinical leukemia models when compared to the free drugs in combination.
Daunorubicin-cytarabine liposome (CPX-351) in the management of newly diagnosed secondary AML: A new twist on an old cocktail. [2020]Initial therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remained stagnant for approximately four decades despite advances in improved understanding of pathogenesis and prognostication of the disease. Treatment has typically consisted of an anthracycline combined with continuous infusion of cytarabine for 7 days, the "7 + 3" regimen. Attempts have been made to improve on this regimen with modest improvements in response rates but no change in overalll survival, until the recent introduction of mutation-specific agents. However, the re-vamping of the delivery of both daunorubicin and cytarabine in a liposomal encapsulation, known as CPX-351, did show improvements of overall survival compared to traditional 7 + 3 in newly diagnosed secondary and therapy-related AML in patients aged 60-75. This led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the agent for both of these subtypes of AML in August of 2017. Herein we will review the rationale and preclinical development of CPX-351 and discuss the pivotal studies that led to its FDA approval.
Quality-adjusted Time Without Symptoms of disease or Toxicity (Q-TWiST) analysis of CPX-351 versus 7 + 3 in older adults with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary AML. [2021]Label="BACKGROUND">CPX-351 (United States: Vyxeos®; Europe: Vyxeos® Liposomal), a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a synergistic 1:5 molar ratio, is approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes. In a pivotal phase 3 study that evaluated 309 patients aged 60 to 75 years with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary acute myeloid leukemia, CPX-351 significantly improved median overall survival versus conventional 7 + 3 chemotherapy (cytarabine continuous infusion for 7 days plus daunorubicin for 3 days), with a comparable safety profile. A Quality-adjusted Time Without Symptoms of disease or Toxicity (Q-TWiST) analysis of the phase 3 study was performed to compare survival quality between patients receiving CPX-351 versus conventional 7 + 3 after 5 years of follow-up.
Efficacy and safety of CPX-351 versus 7 + 3 chemotherapy by European LeukemiaNet 2017 risk subgroups in older adults with newly diagnosed, high-risk/secondary AML: post hoc analysis of a randomized, phase 3 trial. [2023]CPX-351 (Europe: Vyxeos® liposomal; United States: Vyxeos®) is a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a synergistic 1:5 molar ratio. In a phase 3 study in older adults with newly diagnosed, high-risk/secondary AML, CPX-351 improved the remission frequency, overall survival, and post-transplant survival versus 7 + 3. This post hoc analysis evaluated the final 5-year follow-up outcomes according to the European LeukemiaNet 2017 risk classification. CPX-351-treated patients had a higher remission frequency (adverse risk: 41% vs 26%; intermediate risk: 58% vs 39%) and longer median overall survival (adverse risk: 7.59 vs 5.52 months; intermediate risk: 11.86 vs 7.75 months) and post-transplant survival (adverse risk: 43.14 vs 7.08 months; intermediate risk: not reached vs 13.57 months) versus 7 + 3, with outcomes generally poorer among patients with adverse-risk AML. The safety profile of CPX-351 among patients with adverse-risk or intermediate-risk AML was consistent with that of the overall study population. Early mortality was lower, and hospitalization length of stay per patient-year was shorter with CPX-351 versus 7 + 3 within the adverse-risk and intermediate-risk subgroups. The favorable outcomes observed with CPX-351 in this post hoc analysis are consistent with results for the overall study population and further support the use of CPX-351 in these patients.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01696084.
CPX-351 exhibits hENT-independent uptake and can be potentiated by fludarabine in leukaemic cells lines and primary refractory AML. [2022]CPX-351, a liposomal formulation co-encapsulating cytarabine and daunorubicin (DNR) in a synergistic 5:1 M ratio, has shown favourable response in newly diagnosed elderly high-risk AML. This study assessed intracellular ara-CTP levels following in vitro exposure of human immortalised leukaemic cell lines and primary AML blasts to CPX-351, and investigated fludarabine potentiation of intracellular ara-CTP formation from CPX-351. Comparison of intracellular handling of CPX-351 to cytarabine in HL-60 cells indicated slower conversion to ara-CTP for CPX-351, but equivalent cytotoxicity to cytarabine and combined DNR/cytarabine (DA) at 48 h, mostly likely reflecting the need for intracellular liposome processing to release encapsulated drugs. Further assessment demonstrated cytotoxicity of CPX-351 to be superior to DA at 48 and 72 h in cytarabine-resistant THP-1 cells (p
CPX-351 in FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. [2023]CPX-351, a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a 1:5 molar ratio, is approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. In a pivotal phase III trial, CPX-351 significantly improved overall survival compared with standard-of-care 7 + 3 chemotherapy (7 days cytarabine; 3 days daunorubicin) in adults aged 60-75 years with newly diagnosed high-risk or secondary AML (median = 9.56 months vs. 5.95 months; hazard ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval = 0.52-0.90; p = 0.003). Approximately 30% of patients with newly diagnosed AML have mutations in the FLT3 gene, which may be associated with poor outcomes. Here, we review the current in vitro, clinical, and real-world evidence on the use of CPX-351 in patients with AML and mutations in FLT3. Additionally, we review preliminary data from clinical trials and patient case reports that suggest the combination of CPX-351 with FLT3 inhibitors may represent another treatment option for patients with FLT3 mutation-positive AML.
Comparison of Hospital Length of Stay and Supportive Care Utilization Between Patients Treated with CPX-351 and 7+3 for Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes. [2022]CPX-351 is dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine at a fixed synergistic 1:5 molar ratio. This study determined current real-world use of CPX-351 versus conventional 7+3 (cytarabine+daunorubicin) therapy and evaluated hospital length of stay (LOS) and supportive care utilization in t-AML and AML-MRC.
Real-world experience with CPX-351 in high-risk acute myeloid leukemia. [2023]CPX-351, a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin/cytarabine, was approved for newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes in adults in 2017 (US; updated to patients aged ≥1 year in 2021) and 2018 (EU/UK) based on improved survival and remission and comparable safety versus 7 + 3 chemotherapy in a randomized trial in older adults. Real-world studies have since evaluated CPX-351 in routine practice across several countries and addressed important data gaps (e.g., use in younger adults, measurable residual disease negativity, outcomes by mutation). This review discusses real-world studies of CPX-351 as AML treatment, with the aim of helping prescribers make informed treatment decisions.