HIV Medications for Children With HIV
Recruiting in Palo Alto (17 mi)
+24 other locations
Age: < 18
Sex: Any
Travel: May be covered
Time Reimbursement: Varies
Trial Phase: Phase 2 & 3
Waitlist Available
Sponsor: Gilead Sciences
No Placebo Group
Prior Safety Data
Trial Summary
What is the purpose of this trial?The goal of this clinical study is to learn more about the safety and dosing of study drugs, cobicistat-boosted Atazanavir (ATV/co), cobicistat-boosted darunavir (DRV/co) and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), in children (age ≥ 4 weeks to \< 18 years) with HIV.
Is the drug combination of Atazanavir, Cobicistat, Darunavir, and Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide promising for children with HIV?Yes, this drug combination is promising for children with HIV. Atazanavir is noted for its once-daily dosing and suitability for younger children. Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide are part of a combination that has shown good antiretroviral activity and tolerability in children. These drugs are part of a combination therapy approach that has improved the quality of life and survival rates for children with HIV.123611
What safety data is available for HIV medications used in children?The safety data for the HIV medications, specifically the combination of darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF), shows that it is bioequivalent to the separate formulations and well-tolerated in adults and adolescents. No serious adverse events or deaths were reported in the studies. The combination has been evaluated in various trials, including the EMERALD and AMBER studies, which demonstrated its safety and efficacy in both treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients. Improvements in renal function and stable bone mineral density were observed, indicating better safety profiles compared to older formulations.478910
Do I have to stop taking my current medications for the trial?Yes, participants will need to switch their current third agent to a different medication as specified in the trial protocol. There is no specific washout period mentioned, but changes will occur at Day 1 of the trial.
What data supports the idea that HIV Medications for Children With HIV is an effective drug?The available research shows that HIV medications for children, such as emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide, have been effective in improving the health of children with HIV. These drugs are part of combination therapies that have been shown to slow disease progression and improve survival rates. Studies have also highlighted the safety and effectiveness of these medications in children, with some showing improved safety profiles compared to older treatments. Additionally, the use of combination therapies, which include these drugs, has been recommended because they lead to better health outcomes in children with HIV.124511
Eligibility Criteria
This trial is for children aged ≥4 weeks to <18 years with HIV who weigh between ≥3 kg and <40 kg, depending on the cohort. They must have stable antiretroviral regimens for at least 3 months, adequate kidney function, and no resistance to study drugs. Children under 14 kg with certain mutations are allowed if their viral load is low.Inclusion Criteria
I am under 18, HIV positive, and my viral load is low.
I was treated with specific HIV medications before a certain study change.
My kidneys are functioning well, with an eGFR of 90 or higher.
I have no resistance to the study drugs FTC, TFV, ATV, DRV, or LPV.
Participant Groups
The study tests the safety and dosing of cobicistat-boosted Atazanavir (ATV/co), cobicistat-boosted Darunavir (DRV/co), and Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (F/TAF) in kids with HIV. It involves switching participants from their current treatments to these new drug combinations.
10Treatment groups
Experimental Treatment
Group I: Cohort 5 (Group 3)Experimental Treatment2 Interventions
Participants ages ≥ 4 weeks old weighing ≥ 3 to \< 6 kg will receive F/TAF TOS 15/1.88 mg, once daily with the third unboosted drug.
Group II: Cohort 5 (Group 2)Experimental Treatment2 Interventions
Participants ages ≥ 4 weeks old weighing ≥ 6 to \< 10 kg will receive F/TAF TOS 30/3.75 mg, once daily with the third unboosted drug.
Group III: Cohort 5 (Group 1)Experimental Treatment2 Interventions
Participants ages ≥ 4 weeks old weighing ≥ 10 to \< 14 kg will receive F/TAF TOS 60/7.5 mg, once daily with the third unboosted drug.
Group IV: Cohort 4 (Group 4)Experimental Treatment4 Interventions
Participants age ≥ 4 weeks old weighing 3 to \< 6 kg will receive cobicistat TOS 30 mg (twice daily) and F/TAF TOS 15/1.88 mg, once daily with either ATV or LPV/r. Minimum age and weight for ATV is ≥ 3 months and ≥ 5 kg, respectively; participants receiving LPV/r will not receive cobicistat TOS.
Group V: Cohort 4 (Group 3)Experimental Treatment4 Interventions
Participants age ≥ 4 weeks old weighing 6 to \< 10 kg will receive cobicistat TOS 30 mg (twice daily) and F/TAF TOS 30/3.75 mg, once daily with either ATV or LPV/r. Minimum age and weight for ATV is ≥ 3 months and ≥ 5 kg, respectively; participants receiving LPV/r will not receive cobicistat TOS.
Group VI: Cohort 4 (Group 2)Experimental Treatment4 Interventions
Participants age ≥ 4 weeks old weighing 10 to \< 14 kg will receive cobicistat TOS 30 mg (twice daily) and F/TAF TOS 60/7.5 mg, once daily with either ATV or LPV/r. Minimum age and weight for ATV is ≥ 3 months and ≥ 5 kg, respectively; participants receiving LPV/r will not receive cobicistat TOS.
Group VII: Cohort 4 (Group 1)Experimental Treatment5 Interventions
Participants age ≥ 4 weeks old weighing 14 to \< 25 kg will receive cobicistat tablet for oral suspension (TOS) 90 mg, once daily and F/TAF TOS 120/15 mg, once daily with either ATV or DRV or lopinavir boosted by ritonavir (LPV/r). Minimum age and weight for ATV is ≥ 3 months and ≥ 5 kg, minimum age and weight for DRV is ≥ 3 years and ≥ 15 kg; participants receiving LPV/r will not receive cobicistat TOS.
Group VIII: Cohort 3Experimental Treatment4 Interventions
Participants age ≥ 2 years old will receive cobicistat 90 mg and F/TAF 120/15 mg with either ATV or DRV.
Group IX: Cohort 2Experimental Treatment4 Interventions
Participants aged 6 to \<12 years old and ≥25 to \<40kg will receive cobicistat 150 mg and F/TAF 200/25 mg with either ATV or DRV.
Group X: Cohort 1: Part A and Part BExperimental Treatment4 Interventions
Participants ages 12 to \<18 years old will receive cobicistat 150 mg with either ATV or DRV plus background regimen (BR). The BR may contain additional antiretroviral agents except for the following disallowed agents: saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, double protease inhibitor (PI) regimens, raltegravir, elvitegravir, efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine, maraviroc, etravirine, rilpivirine, dolutegravir, and investigational antiretroviral agents.
Atazanavir is already approved in United States, European Union for the following indications:
🇺🇸 Approved in United States as Reyataz for:
- HIV-1 infection
🇪🇺 Approved in European Union as Reyataz for:
- HIV-1 infection
Find A Clinic Near You
Research locations nearbySelect from list below to view details:
University of Texas Health Science Center of HoustonHouston, TX
University of Colorado DenverAurora, CO
The George Washington UniversityWashington, United States
St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphis, TN
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Who is running the clinical trial?
Gilead SciencesLead Sponsor
References
New antiretroviral drugs in clinical use. [2022]The advent of combination antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has dramatically changed the prognosis and quality of life of HIV-infected adults and children. To date, there are 21 antiretroviral agents available with only 11 agents being approved for the use in young children less than 6 years of age. The currently available antiretroviral agents belong to four different classes; nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI, NtRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), protease inhibitors (PI), and a new class of fusion inhibitors (FI). It is recommended that the treatment regimen should be a combination of at least 3 drugs from different drug classes as this has been shown to slow disease progression, improve survival, and result in better virologic and immunologic responses. Treatment with antiretroviral agents is frequently complicated by the issues of adherence, tolerability, long term toxicity and drug resistance. Many efforts have been made to develop new antiretroviral agents with greater potency, higher tolerability profiles and better convenience. Some new agents are also effective against drug-resistant strains of HIV. Since 2001, there were 7 new antiretroviral agents and 2 fixed-dose multidrug formulations being approved for the treatment of HIV infection, most are approved only for use in adults. In this article, we will review new antiretroviral agents including emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, atazanavir, fosamprenavir, tipranavir and enfuvirtide. Pediatric information on these drugs will be provided when available.
New Antiretroviral Therapies for Pediatric HIV Infection. [2021]Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome affect millions of children worldwide. The development of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the morbidity and mortality of pediatric patients infected with HIV. Currently, 4 classes of antiretroviral agents exist: nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and entry inhibitors. A total of 21 single-entity antiretroviral agents and 4 co-formulated antiretroviral products hold Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of HIV-1 infection. However, not all of these agents are indicated for use in patients less than 18 years of age. Since the year 2000, 7 new antiretroviral agents (atazanavir, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, fosamprenavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, tenofovir, and tipranavir) have been approved by the FDA for use in adult patients as part of combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Although only 3 of these newer agents (emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, and lopinavir/ritonavir) are currently FDA approved for use in pediatric patients, pediatric clinical studies of the other 4 new agents are currently underway. The purpose of this article is to review these 7 new antiretroviral agents and describe their roles in the treatment of pediatric HIV infection. For each drug, the following information will be addressed: FDA-approved indication and age groups, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions, clinically relevant drug interactions, pediatric and adult dosing, dosage forms, administration, and place in the treatment of pediatric HIV infection.
Long-term safety and efficacy of atazanavir-based therapy in HIV-infected infants, children and adolescents: the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 1020A. [2021]Atazanavir (ATV) is an attractive option for the treatment of Pediatric HIV infection, based on once-daily dosing and the availability of a formulation appropriate for younger children. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 1020A was a phase I/II open label study of ATV (with/without ritonavir [RTV] boosting)-based treatment of HIV-infected children; here we report the long-term safety and virologic and immunologic responses.
Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of a single-tablet regimen containing elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naive, HIV-infected adolescents: a single-arm, open-label trial. [2021]The prodrug tenofovir alafenamide is associated with improved renal and bone safety compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. We aimed to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of this single-tablet, fixed-dose combination of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in HIV-infected, treatment-naive adolescents.
Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of single-tablet elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed, HIV-infected children: a single-arm, open-label trial. [2019]No once-daily single-tablet regimen is available for HIV-infected children under 12 years. The single-tablet, fixed-dose combination of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide is a once-daily, integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimen approved in the USA and European Union for individuals aged 12 years or older. In this study, we aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of this regimen in virologically suppressed, HIV-infected children.
An evaluation of elvitegravir plus cobicistat plus tenofovir alafenamide plus emtricitabine as a single-tablet regimen for the treatment of HIV in children and adolescents. [2021]Approximately 2.1 million of the estimated 36 million infected with HIV are children or adolescents. International guidelines for HIV-1 Infection suggest starting antiretrovirals (ARV) at the moment of diagnosis. Many factors limit the optimization of antiretroviral therapy in children and adolescents: lack of pediatric formulations, poor adherence, metabolic and pharmacokinetic changes associated withnormal child development and puberty. Areas covered: Three integrase inhibitors are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and by European Medical Agency for children and adolescents with HIV-1 infection. Raltegravir is approved for children aged 4 weeks to 18 years, while dolutegravir and elvitegravir co-formulated with cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/FTC/TAF) are approved for children from 6 years of age. This article evaluates E/C/FTC/TAF as a treatment option. Expert opinion: E/C/FTC/TAF was well tolerated, and the antiretroviral activity and tolerability data of this combination support the use in children and adolescents. However, the studies regarding E/C/FTC/TAF in children and adolescents are scant. Consequently, additional studies investigating its safety and efficacy in children are paramount.
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naïve patients with HIV-1: subgroup analyses of the phase 3 AMBER study. [2021]Background: The once-daily, single-tablet regimen darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The 48-week efficacy and safety of D/C/F/TAF versus darunavir/cobicistat + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (control) in treatment-naïve adults were demonstrated in the phase 3 AMBER study. Objective: To describe AMBER outcomes across patient subgroups based on demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline. Methods: AMBER patients had viral load (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL, CD4+ cell count >50 cells/µL, and genotypic susceptibility to darunavir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with virologic response (VL <50 copies/mL; FDA snapshot). Safety was assessed by adverse events, estimated glomerular filtration rate (cystatin C; eGFRcystC), and bone mineral density. Outcomes were assessed by age (≤/>50 years), gender, race (black/non-black), baseline VL (≤/>100,000 copies/mL), baseline CD4+ cell count (</≥200 cells/µL), and baseline WHO clinical stage of HIV infection (1/2). Results: For the 725 AMBER patients (D/C/F/TAF: 362; control: 363), virologic response rates at week 48 were similar with D/C/F/TAF (91%) and control (88%), and this was consistent across all subgroups. Adverse event rates were similar in both arms, although numerically higher among patients >50 years and women, relative to their comparator groups, regardless of treatment arm (notably, sample sizes were small for patients >50 years and women). Improvements in eGFRcystC and stable bone mineral density were observed with D/C/F/TAF overall, and results were generally consistent across subgroups. Conclusions: For treatment-naïve patients in AMBER, initiating therapy with the D/C/F/TAF single-tablet regimen was an effective and well-tolerated option, regardless of demographic or clinical characteristics.
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed patients with HIV-1: subgroup analyses of the phase 3 EMERALD study. [2021]Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is a once-daily, single-tablet regimen for treatment of HIV-1 infection. The efficacy/safety of switching to D/C/F/TAF versus continuing boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (control) were demonstrated in a phase 3, randomized study (EMERALD) of treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed adults through week 48. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate EMERALD outcomes across subgroups of patients based on demographic characteristics, prior treatment experience, and baseline antiretroviral regimen.
Week 96 subgroup analyses of the phase 3, randomized AMBER and EMERALD trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of the once daily darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) single-tablet regimen in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve and -experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1. [2022]Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated in AMBER (treatment-naïve adults; NCT02431247) and EMERALD (treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed adults; NCT02269917).
Bioequivalence of a Pediatric Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Compared With Coadministration of the Separate Agents in Healthy Adults: An Open-Label, Randomized, Replicate Crossover Study. [2023]Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is a fixed-dose combination (FDC) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents weighing 40 kg or greater. This Phase 1, randomized, open-label, 2-treatment, 2-sequence, 4-period replicate crossover study (NCT04661397) evaluated the pivotal bioequivalence of a pediatric D/C/F/TAF 675/150/200/10-mg FDC compared with coadministration of the separate commercially available formulations in healthy adults under fed conditions. During each period, participants received either a single oral dose of D/C/F/TAF 675/150/200/10-mg FDC (test) or a single oral dose of darunavir 600 and 75 mg, cobicistat 150 mg, and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide 200/10-mg FDC (reference). Thirty-seven participants were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatment sequence groups: test-reference-reference-test or reference-test-test-reference, with 7 days or more washout between periods. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios for maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to last measurable concentration, and area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity for darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide fell within conventional bioequivalence limits (80%-125%). No Grade 3/4 adverse events, serious adverse events, or deaths occurred. In conclusion, administration of D/C/F/TAF 675/150/200/10-mg FDC was bioequivalent to coadministration of the separate commercially available formulations.
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in paediatrics: Real-life experience from a French cohort (2019-2023). [2023]Although widely recommended, data on bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) efficacy in HIV-1-infected children/adolescents are mainly extrapolated from studies in adults and one paediatric trial in which subjects have good treatment adherence. This study aimed to provide data about the risk of virological failure (VF) and acquired genotypic resistance in children and adolescents receiving BIC/FTC/TAF in a real-world setting.